Hukum Pidana di Kesultanan Melaka Abad ke-15 dan ke-16 M
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Keywords:
hukum Islam, Undang-Undang Melaka, kisas, had, takzir
Abstract
Artikel ini membahas masalah hukum pidana di Kesultanan Melaka pada abad ke-15 dan ke-16 M. Sumber utama tulisan adalah Undang-Undang Melaka (UUM), kitab hukum Kesultanan Melaka yang disunting oleh Liaw Yock Fang. Penulis menemukan bahwa hukum adat dan hukum Islam menjadi sumber hukum pidana di Melaka sebagaimana terdapat di dalam UUM. Tapi, pasal-pasal yang ada di dalam UUM tidak diterapkan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat Melaka. Yang diterapkan adalah hukum adat yang masih dipengaruhi oleh Hindu, agama yang dianut saat itu sebelum datangnya Islam. Hukum Islam menjadi alternatif hukum adat di Melaka yang bersumber dari berbagai mazhab fikih di dalam Islam. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa perubahan dan peralihan hukum suatu masyarakat sangat dipengaruhi oleh perubahan politik dan agama yang dianut penguasa. Dalam konteks Melaka, hukum adat yang dipengaruhi oleh Hindu beralih dan berubah secara perlahan kepada hukum Islam (baca: fikih).
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Winstedt,R.O. “Old Malay Legal Digests and Malay Customary Law.”Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, no. 1 & 2 (1945)
Albuquerque,Afonso.The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque.Terj. Walter De Gray Birch, 4 jilid. London: The Hakluyt Society, 1774, cetak ulang 1880, jilid 3.
Bleuchot,Hervé.Droit Musulman, II tomes. Aix-en-Provence: Presses Universitaires d'Aix Marseille, 2002, tome II.
Bukhârî, Abû ‘Abd Allâh Muhammad ibn Ismâ’îl al-.Shahîh al-Bukhârî.Ed. Musthafâ Dîb al-Bughâ, 6 jilid. Beirut: Mu`assasah al-Hidmâ al-Tiba'iyya, 1980-1982, jilid VI.
De Bellefonds,Y. Linant.“Ikrâr,” di dalam Encyclopédie de l'Islam, h. 1105-1108, Leiden dan Paris: E.J. Brill dan G.P. Maisonneuve & Larose S.A., 1990.
De Eredia,Godinho.Description of Malacca and Meridional India and Cathay.Terj. J.V. Mills.Kuala Lumpur: MBRAS, 1997.
Encyclopaedie van Nederlansche Indië, 2éd. Vol. II, p. 688.
Fang,Liaw Yock.Undang-Undang Melaka. The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1976.
Ferrand, G. Malaka: Le Malayu et Malayur. Paris: Impimerie Nationale, 1918.
Ghazâlî,Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-.Al-Wasîthfî al-Madzhab.Ed. Ahmad Mahmûd Ibrâhîm dan Muhammad Muhammad Tâmir, 7 jilid, Jilid VII. Kairo: Dâr al-Salâm, 1997.
Hooker,M.B. “A Note on the Malayan Legal Digests.”Journal of the Malayan Branch Royal Asiatic Society XLI, no. I, July (1968)
Ibn Manzhûr.Lisân al-‘Arab. 6 jilid. Kairo: Dâr al-Ma’ârif, t.th. jilid 2.
Ibn Qudâmah,Muwaffaq al-Dîn.Al-Mughnî. 13 jilid. Beirut: Dâr al-Kitâb al-‘Arabî, 1983/1403.
Ibn Rusyd, Abû al-Walîd Muhammad.Bidâyah al-Mujtahid wa Nihâyah al-Muqtashid. 2 jilid. Beirut: Dâr al-Fikr, t.th.
Jazîrî, ‘Abd Rahmân al-.Kitâb al-Fiqh ‘ala al-Madzâhib al-Arba’ah. 5 jilid. Beirut: Dâr al-Fikr, 1987/1406.
Lanang,Tun Seri.Sulalat al-Salatin ya'ni Pertuturan Segala Raja-raja (Sejarah Melayu).Ed. Muhammad Haji Salleh.KualaLumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1997.
Muslim,Abû al-Husayn.Shahîh Muslim.Ed. Muhammad Fu`âd ‘Abd al-Bâqî, 5 jilid.Kairo: Musthafâ al-Bâbî al-Halabî, 1955, jilid III.
Pirés,Tomes.The Suma Oriental, An Account Of The East From The Red Sea To Japan, Written In Malacca And India In 1512-1515.Ed. Armando Cortesao. 2 jilid. New Delhi: Asian educational servi-ces, 1990.
Reid,Anthony.Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce 1450-1680. 2 jilid. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1988, 1993.
Sâbiq,Sayyid.Fiqh al-Sunnah. III jilid, Kairo:t.p, 1988/1409.
Sarakhsî, Syams al-Dîn al-.Al-Mabsûth. XXX jilid. Beirut: Dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmîyah, 1994/1414.
Schacht,Joseph.Introduction au droit musulman.Terj. Paul Kempf dan Abdel Magid Turki. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose, 1999.
Shellabear, W.G. (ed.).Sejarah Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford Univer-sity Press, 1967.
Syâfi’î, Muhammad ibn Idrîs al-.Al-Umm.Ed. Muhammad Zuhrî al-Najjâr, 7 jilid. Beirut: Dâr al-Ma’rifah, t.th.
Syarbînî, Syams al-Dîn ibn Ahmad al-.Al-Iqnâ`fî Halli Alfâdz Abî Syujâ`.Ed.‘Alî‘Abd al-Hamîd Abû al-Hayr dan Muhammad Wahbî Sulay-mân. 2 jilid, Jilid II. Damaskus: Dâr al-Hayr, 1996.
Tanûkhî, Sahnûn ibn Sa’ad al-.Al-Mudawwanah al-Kubrâ li al-Imâm Mâlik.Ed. ‘Alîibn ‘Abd Rahmân al-Hâsyimî. 11 jilid. Kairo: Dâr al-Nashr, t.th.
Thomaz,Luis Filipe Ferreira Reis.“The Malay Sultanate of Melaka,” dalam Southeast Asia in the Early Modern Era: Trade, Power, and Belief, ed. Anthony Reid. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1993.
Winstedt,R.O. dan Joselin P.E. de Jong.“The Maritime Laws of Malacca,”Journal of the Malayan Branch Royal Asiatic Society XXIX, no. III (1956).
Winstedt,R.O. “A History of Malaya”, Journal of the Malayan Branch Royal Asiatic Society, XIII, no. I, 1935.
Winstedt,R.O. “Old Malay Legal Digests and Malay Customary Law.”Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, no. 1 & 2 (1945)
Published
2016-06-01
How to Cite
Utriza Yakin, Ayang. 2016. “Hukum Pidana Di Kesultanan Melaka Abad Ke-15 Dan Ke-16 M”. KARSA Journal of Social and Islamic Culture 24 (1), 33-51. https://doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v24i1.1007.
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