Dinamika Pembangunan Ekonomi Di Madura Pada Era Kebiasaan Baru Covid-19; Tantangan dan Peluangnya

  • Abd Hannan IAIN Madura
Abstract views: 997 , pdf downloads: 397

Abstract

This study examines the challenges and opportunities for development in Madura amid the adoption of a new habit era due to the global pandemic, Covid-19. There are three main problems examined in this study; Econimi development in Madura, the era of new habits, and Covid-19. By using qualitative research and analysis based on the sociological theory of development, this study finds a number of findings; first, the dynamics of development in Madura in the midst of the adoption of a new habit era in general experienced quite serious upheavals or shocks, especially in the economic development sector. Second, the opportunities for strengthening Madura development in the midst of the new custom era are relatively open. This is influenced by the geographical condition of Madura as an archipelago which has abundant natural-social wealth, especially those originating from the maritime sector. Empowerment and utilization of natural resources, especially those based on local wisdom, can become a strategy in the midst of turbulent national-global economic chains; Third, to maximize these efforts, it is necessary to have collaboration and synergy with related parties, especially the government. In addition to ensuring the implementation of health protocols, it is equally important to ensure the financial power of the community. Providing stimulus packages, both fiscal and non-fiscal, so that later it can push the wheels of the regional economy. This is at the same time the biggest challenge, how to ensure that the distribution of the stimulus package is carried out in a measured, fast, and on target, as well as touching on fundamental sectors.

(Studi ini mengkaji tantangan dan peluang pembangunan ekonomi di Madura di tengah diterapkannya era kebiasaan baru akibat pandemi global, Covid-19. Terdapat tiga permasalahan pokok yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini; pembangunan Madura, era kebiasaan baru, dan Covid-19. Dengan mempergunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dan analisa berdasarkan teori sosiologi pembangunan, kajian ini mendapati sejumlah temuan; pertama, dinamika pembangunan di Madura di tengah penerapan era kebiasaan baru secara umum mengalami gejolak atau guncangan cukup serius, khususnya di sektor pembangunan ekonomi. Kedua, peluang penguatan pembangunan di Madura di tengah diberlakukannya era kebiasaan baru relatif terbuka. Demikian dipengaruhi oleh kondisi geografis Madura sebagai daerah kepulauan yang mempunyai kekayaan alam-sosial cukup melimpah, terutama yang bersumber dari sektor kemaritiman. Pemberdaayaan dan pemanfaatan kekayaan alam khususnya yang berbasis kearifan lokal dapat menjadi strategi di tengah gejolak rantai ekonomi nasional-global yang tidak menentu; Ketiga, untuk memaksimalkan upaya tersebut, perlu adanya kolaborasi dan sinergitas antara pemerintah dan elemen masyarakat. Selain memastikan jalannya protokol kesehatan, pun tak kalah pentingnya adalah memastikan daya finansial masyarakat. Memberi paket stimulus baik fiskal maupun nonfiskal, sehingga nantinya dapat mendorong roda perekonomian daerah. Ini sekaligus menjadi tantangan terbesar, bagaimana memastikan distribusi paket stimulus tersebut dilakukan secara terukur, cepat, dan tepat sasaran, serta menyentuh sektor-sektor fundamental.)

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdurrahman. Sejarah Madura Selayang Pandang. Sumenep: Matahari, 1988.

Agriesta, Dheri. “Kasus Positif Covid-19 Pertama Di Pamekasan, Pasien Telah 10 Hari Meninggal.” Kompas.com, March 30, 2020. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2020/03/30/07075171/update-kasus-positif-covid-19-pertama-di-pamekasan-pasien-telah-10-hari?page=all.

Alwi, Hasan. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 2007.

Arimbi Haryas Prabawanti, Maria. “Siapkan ‘New Normal’, Pemerintah Terus Fokus pada 3 Aspek Kebijakan.” KOMPAS.com, June 28, 2020. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/06/28/14535161/siapkan-new-normal-pemerintah-terus-fokus-pada-3-aspek-kebijakan.

Ayu Azanella, Luthfia. “9 Daerah di Indonesia yang Terapkan PSBB karena Virus Corona.” Kompas.Com. KOMPAS.com, April 13, 2020. https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2020/04/13/080408865/9-daerah-di-indonesia-yang-terapkan-psbb-karena-virus-corona.

Azra, Azyumardi. “Konservatisme Agama.” Republika Online, August 1, 2019. https://republika.co.id/berita/pvistt282/konservatisme-agama-1.

Bisnis.com. “Ratusan Ribu Ton Garam Rakyat Di Madura Tak Terserap Pasar.” Ekonomi Bisnis.com. Accessed January 8, 2021. https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20200109/99/1188732/ratusan-ribu-ton-garam-rakyat-di-madura-tak-terserap-pasar.

BPS. “Persentase Penduduk Miskin Maret 2020 Naik Menjadi 9,78 Persen.” https://www.bps.go.id/, July 15, 2020. https://www.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2020/07/15/1744/persentase-penduduk-miskin-maret-2020-naik-menjadi-9-78-persen.html.

Bruinessen, Martin van. “Tarekat and Tarekat Teachers in Madurese Society”. In Across Madura Strait: The Dynamics of an Insular Society, Edited by Kees van Dijk, Huub de Jonge, and Elly Touwen- Bouwsma. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1995.

Burhani, Ahmad Najib. “Lessons from Madura: NU, Conservatism and the 2019 Presidential Election,” no. 2019 (2019): 9.

Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo, Kin-Hang Kok, Zheng Zhu, Hin Chu, Kelvin Kai-Wang To, Shuofeng Yuan, and Kwok-Yung Yuen. “Genomic Characterization of the 2019 Novel Human-Pathogenic Coronavirus Isolated from a Patient with Atypical Pneumonia after Visiting Wuhan.” Emerging Microbes & Infections 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 221–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1719902.

Departemen Pendidikan dan kebudayaan. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (Edisi Kedua). Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1999.

Dharmastuti, Hestiana. “8 Instruksi Jokowi di Surabaya Saat Kunjungan Kerja Perdana Selama Corona.” detiknews, June 25, 2020. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5068519/8-instruksi-jokowi-di-surabaya-saat-kunjungan-kerja-perdana-selama-corona.

Dicky, Aditya. “Tak Ada Indonesia, Ini Daftar 31 Negara yang Terperosok Jurang Resesi.” Galamedia News, August 27, 2020. https://galamedia.pikiran-rakyat.com/news/pr-35702717/tak-ada-indonesia-ini-daftar-31-negara-yang-terperosok-jurang-resesi.

duta.co. “Hati-Hati Bangkalan! Minim Lab Swab, Jumlah Pasien Covid-19 Terancam Membludak - Duta.Co Berita Harian Terkini.” Duta.com, June 12, 2020. https://duta.co/hati-hati-bangkalan-minim-lab-swab-jumlah-pasien-covid-19-terancam-membludak.

Fabian Thomas, Vincent. “Ekonomi Kuartal I 2020 Tersungkur, Indonesia Terancam Resesi?” Tirto.ID, Mei 2020. https://tirto.id/ekonomi-kuartal-i-2020-tersungkur-indonesia-terancam-resesi-fpp5.

Fajar Setiadi, Arif. “Kapolda Jatim Gandeng Ulama Madura Agar Warga Patuhi Protokol Covid-19.” Madiunpos.com, June 24, 2020. https://www.madiunpos.com/kapolda-jatim-gandeng-ulama-madura-agar-warga-patuhi-protokol-covid-19-1047343.

Fauzia, Mutia. “Indonesia Resesi, Jumlah Pengangguran Naik Jadi 9,77 Juta Orang.” Kompas.com, May 11, 2020. https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/11/05/141654326/indonesia-resesi-jumlah-pengangguran-naik-jadi-977-juta-orang.

Ferdian, Kuswanto. “Dampak Covid-19, Pedagang Kembang Api di Pamekasan Keluhkan Penjualan yang Menurun.” Surya, Mei 2020. https://surabaya.tribunnews.com/2020/05/04/dampak-covid-19-pedagang-kembang-api-di-pamekasan-keluhkan-penjualan-yang-menurun.

Hamid, Agus Rizal Ardy Hariandy. “Social Responsibility of Medical Journal: A Concern for Covid-19 Pandemic.” Medical Journal of Indonesia 29, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.ed.204629.

Hannan, Abd -. “Agama, Kekerasan, dan Kontestasi Politik Elektoral: Penggunaan Simbol Keagamaan Kiai dan Kekuasaan Blater dalam Pertarungan Politik Lokal Madura.” Jurnal Sosiologi Agama 12, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 187. https://doi.org/10.14421/jsa.2018.122-02.

———. “Gender Dan Fenomena Patriarki Dalam Sosial Pendidikan Pesantren Studi Tentang Hegemeoni Kiai Pesantren Terhadap Sosial Pendidikan Bias Gender.” In Gender Dan Budaya Madura. Surabaya: Puslit Gender dan Budaya Madura LPPM UTM Bekerjasama dengan CV. Perwira Media Nusantara (PMN) Surabaya, 2016.

———. “Moderatisme dan Problem Konservatisme Beragama di Tengah Pandemi Global Covid-19.” Jurnal KURIOSITAS; Media Komunikasi Sosial dan Keagamaan 13, no. 2 (Desember 2020): 31.

———. “Strategi Penguatan Pembangunan Madura yang Berkelanjutan Melalui Pemberdayaan Nilai Kearifan Lokal.” SIMULACRA: JURNAL SOSIOLOGI 1, no. 1 (June 25, 2018). https://doi.org/10.21107/sml.v1i1.4982.

Hannan, Abd, and Kudrat Abdillah. “Hegemoni Religio-Kekuasaan dan Transformasi Sosial.” Jurnal Sosial Budaya 16, no. 1 (2019): 16.

Hannan, Abd, and Wafi Muhaimin. “Teologi Kemaslahatan Social-Phsycal Distancing dalam Penanggulangan Covid-19” 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 25.

Hannan, Abd, Siti Azizah, and Husna Atiya. “Dinamika Pesantren dalam Merespons Pandemi Covid-19 di Madura.” DINIKA: Academic Journal of Islamic Studies 5, no. 2 (December 2020): 30.

Hannan, Abd. “Fanatisme Komunitas Pesantren Nu Miftahul Ulum dan Stigma Sosial Pada Muhammadiyah di Kabupaten Pamekasan,” 2017, 12.

Hariyanto, Erie, Ach Muzakki, Putri Ayu Wandila, Mahfudz Baidawi, and Diah Putri Permata Sari. “Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Sistem COD dalam Mendistribusikan Produk UMKM di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” Jurnal BUDIMAS 03, no. 02 (2021): 7.

Hendartyo, Muhammad. “Indonesia Resmi Resesi, Ekonomi Minus 3,49 Di Kuartal III 2020.” Bisnis Tempo.co, November 5, 2020. https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1402495/indonesia-resmi-resesi-ekonomi-minus-349-di-kuartal-iii-2020.

Hilmy, Masdar. “Sikap Ilmiah Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19.” Kolom UINSA (blog), April 4, 2020. https://w3.uinsby.ac.id/sikap-ilmiah-menghadapi-pandemi-covid-19/.

Ihsanuddin, Kompas Cyber. “Jokowi Minta Tokoh Agama Dilibatkan Cegah Covid-19.” KOMPAS.com, March 19, 2020. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/03/19/11462061/jokowi-minta-tokoh-agama-dilibatkan-cegah-covid-19.

Ihsanuddin. “Ada 7 Bantuan Pemerintah Selama Pandemi Covid-19, Berikut Rinciannya... Halaman All - Kompas.Com.” Kompas.com, August 26, 2020. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/08/26/09222471/ada-7-bantuan-pemerintah-selama-pandemi-covid-19-berikut-rinciannya?page=all.

Iik, Mansurnoor. Islam in an Indonesian World; Ulama of Madura. (Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1990.

Indah Lestari, Dwi. “Kurva Covid Terus Naik, Siapkah Madura New Normal?” LingkarJatim. LingkarJatim (blog), June 23, 2020. https://lingkarjatim.com/corona/kurva-covid-terus-naik-siapkah-madura-new-normal/.

Info Publik.com. “Dinilai Mulai Terjadi Darurat Ekonomi Akibat Pandemi Covid-19,” April 21, 2020. http://infopublik.id/kategori/nusantara/450891/dinilai-mulai-terjadi-darurat-ekonomi-akibat-pandemi-covid-19.

Infocovid19. “Jatim Tanggap Covid-19.” infocovid19.jatimprov.go.id, June 27, 2020. http://infocovid19.jatimprov.go.id/.

Jatim.Post. “Bupati Dan Forkompinda Pamekasan Operasi Yustisi Tegakkan Perbup No. 50 Tahun 2020.” https://jatimpos.co/, September 14, 2020. https://jatimpos.co/jatim/pantura/3177-bupati-dan-forkompinda-pamekasan-operasi-yustisi-tegakkan-perbup-no-50-tahun-2020.

JawaPos.com. “Pemkab Belum Berencana Terapkan PSBB.” RadarMadura.id, April 18, 2020. https://radarmadura.jawapos.com/read/2020/04/18/189617/pemkab-belum-berencana-terapkan-psbb.

Juaningsih, Imas Novita, Yoshua Consuello, Ahmad Tarmidzi, and Dzakwan NurIrfan. “Optimalisasi Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam penanganan Covid-19 terhadap Masyarakat Indonesia.” SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 7, no. 6 (April 17, 2020): 509–17. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v7i6.15363.

Kabar Madura. “Akibat Covid-19 Pendapatan Hotel dan Restoran di Bangkalan Turun Tajam.” Kabar Madura, April 20, 2020. https://kabarmadura.id/akibat-covid-19-pendapatan-hotel-dan-restoran-di-bangkalan-turun-tajam/.

———. “Akibat PSBB, Aktivitas Angkutan Umum ke Madura Lumpuh.” Kabar Madura, April 30, 2020. https://kabarmadura.id/akibat-psbb-aktivitas-angkutan-umum-ke-madura-lumpuh/?page28332434234=375.

———. “Potensi Investasi Rp47 Triliun di Pamekasan Terhambat.” Kabar Madura, March 9, 2020. https://kabarmadura.id/potensi-investasi-rp47-triliun-di-pamekasan-terhambat/?page28332434234=110.

Koran Madura. “Gugus Tugas Covid-19 Dinilai Lamban dan Tidak Tegas,” April 14, 2020. https://www.koranmadura.com/2020/04/gugus-tugas-covid-19-dinilai-lamban-dan-tidak-tegas/.

Koran Madura. “Polres Sumenep Bubarkan Pengunjung Cafe Tak Patuhi Protokol Kesehatan.” Koran Madura (blog), June 5, 2020. https://www.koranmadura.com/2020/06/polres-sumenep-bubarkan-pengunjung-cafe-tak-patuhi-protokol-kesehatan/.

Lazarus, Neville. “Coronavirus: Millions in India Facing Hunger During COVID-19 Lockdown Measures.” Sky News, April 26, 2020. https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-millions-of-indians-facing-hunger-during-covid-19-lockdown-measures-11978857.

Li, Qun, Xuhua Guan, Peng Wu, Xiaoye Wang, Lei Zhou, Yeqing Tong, Ruiqi Ren, et al. “Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia.” New England Journal of Medicine 382, no. 13 (March 26, 2020): 1199–1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316.

Madura, Koran. “Kasus Konfirmasi Positif Corona di Pamekasan Bertambah 6 Orang, Salah Satunya Bayi.” Koran Madura (blog), June 9, 2020. https://www.koranmadura.com/2020/06/kasus-konfirmasi-positif-corona-di-pamekasan-bertambah-6-orang-salah-satunya-bayi/.

Medcom id. “Lockdown Tujuh Desa di Saronggi Sumenep Dihentikan.” medcom.id, October 18, 2020. https://www.medcom.id/nasional/daerah/GNGWl9AN-lockdown-tujuh-desa-di-saronggi-sumenep-dihentikan.

Media Indonesia. “Konservatisme Agama Dan Penyebaran Korona.” Accessed October 19, 2020. https://mediaindonesia.com/read/detail/299238-konservatisme-agama-dan-penyebaran-korona.

Mohammad, Mohammad Taqiuddin, Abd Hannan, and Alan Suud Maadi. “The Marketing Strategy of Madura Tourism Industry Area Trough Sustainable Development Based Gender.” Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam (Journal of Islamic Economics and Business) 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 82. https://doi.org/10.20473/jebis.v5i1.13987.

Muhlis, Imam. “Implementasi Inpres No 06 Dan Perbup No 55 Tahun 2020, Polres Sumenep Lakukan Patroli Gabungan Skala Besar.” rri.co.id, Agu 2020. https://rri.co.id/sumenep/daerah/890565/implementasi-inpres-no-06-dan-perbup-no-55-tahun-2020-polres-sumenep-lakukan-patroli-gabungan-skala-besar.

Mutmainnah. Jembatan Suramadu: Respon Ulama Terhadap Industrialisasi. Yogyakarta: LKPSM, 1998.

Nurul Ulya, Fika. “Pertumbuhan Ekonomi RI Minus 5,32 Persen Pada Kuartal II-2020.” Kompas.com, May 8, 2020. https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/08/05/120854826/pertumbuhan-ekonomi-ri-minus-532-persen-pada-kuartal-ii-2020.

NUSADAILY.COM. “Ini Cara Pamekasan Pulihkan Ekonomi di Era Pandemi.” Nusa Daily, June 20, 2020. https://nusadaily.com/business/ini-cara-pamekasan-pulihkan-ekonomi-di-era-pandemi.html.

Perdanakusuma. “Menyikapi Kontroversi Informasi Ilmiah Covid-19.” Suara Merdeka News (blog), March 31, 2020. https://suaramerdeka.news/menyikapi-kontroversi-informasi-ilmiah-covid-19/.

Portal Madura. “Siapkan Warga Menuju New Normal, Goodie Bag & Kuesioner Jadi Sarana Edukasi Warga.” Portal Madura. Com, July 24, 2020. https://portalmadura.com/siapkan-warga-menuju-new-normal-goodie-bag-kuesioner-jadi-sarana-edukasi-warga-236261/.

Post, Madura. “Pandemi Covid-19 dan Krisis Ekonomi, Begini Kata Ketua Kadin Sumenep.” Madura Post (blog), May 4, 2020. https://madurapost.id/2020/05/pandemi-covid-19-dan-krisis-ekonomi-begini-kata-ketua-kadin-sumenep/.

Prem, Kiesha, Yang Liu, Timothy W Russell, Adam J Kucharski, Rosalind M Eggo, Nicholas Davies, Mark Jit, et al. “The Effect of Control Strategies to Reduce Social Mixing On Outcomes of the Covid-19 Epidemic in Wuhan, China: A Modelling Study.” The Lancet Public Health 5, no. 5 (May 2020): e261–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30073-6.

Rachmawati. “Fakta Pasien Corona Pertama di Pamekasan, Usia 11 Tahun dan Hasil Tes Keluar Setelah 10 Hari Meninggal.” Kompas.com, March 31, 2020. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2020/03/31/06070071/fakta-pasien-corona-pertama-di-pamekasan-usia-11-tahun-dan-hasil-tes-keluar.

Rahman, Arifur, and Atanu Sarkar. “Risk Factors for Fatal Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections in Saudi Arabia: Analysis of the WHO Line List, 2013–2018.” American Journal of Public Health 109, no. 9 (July 18, 2019): 1288–93. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305186.

Rahmatullah. “Polres Sumenep Gencarkan Kepatuhan Warga Terhadap Prokes.” Medcom.id, Desember 2020. https://www.medcom.id/nasional/daerah/JKRAWm7k-polres-sumenep-gencarkan-kepatuhan-warga-terhadap-prokes.

Rahmawati, Fithriyah. “Strategi Pembangunan Pariwisata Daerah Berkelanjutan Melalui Konsep Ekowisata Berbasis Kearifan Lokal” 2, no. 1 (June 2020): 24.

Ramdhani, Faisal. “Menggeliatkan Investasi di Pulau Madura.” Kabar Madura, February 25, 2020. https://kabarmadura.id/menggeliatkan-investasi-di-pulau-madura/.

Redaksi. “Pemkab Pamekasan Keluarkan Perbub Sanksi Pelanggar Prokes Covid.” https://pojoksuramadu.com/, September 10, 2020. https://pojoksuramadu.com/pemkab-pamekasan-keluarkan-perbub-sanksi-pelanggar-prokes-covid/.

———. “Puluhan Ribu UMKM Di Pamekasan Diusulkan Menerima Bantuan Modal.” Surabaya Bisnis.com, November 13, 2020. https://surabaya.bisnis.com/read/20201113/532/1317234/puluhan-ribu-umkm-di-pamekasan-diusulkan-menerima-bantuan-modal.

Redaktur. “Bupati Baddrut Tamam : Pamekasan Harus Segera Bebas Covid-19.” JATIM POS online, September 7, 2020. https://www.jatimpos.co/jatim/pantura/3209-bupati-baddrut-tamam-pamekasan-harus-segera-bebas-covid-19.

Ridwan. “Kenapa Angka Kasus Covid-19 di Pamekasan Tinggi?” Koran Madura (blog), June 8, 2020. https://www.koranmadura.com/2020/06/kenapa-angka-kasus-covid-19-di-pamekasan-tinggi/.

Rosi, Fathor. “Jeblok, Investasi di Kabupaten Pamekasan.” jatimpos.id, 2019. https://www.jatimpos.id/kabar/jeblok-investasi-di-kabupaten-pamekasan-b1XpT9cvP.

Schnake-Mahl, Alina S, Marcy G Carty, and Gerardo Sierra. “Identifying Patients with Increased Risk of Severe Covid-19 Complications: Building an Actionable Rules-Based Model for Care Teams.” NEJM Group, July 15, 2020, 13.

Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Dan Kualitatif Dan R & D, Cet. XV. Bandung: ALFABETA, 2010.

surabayapagi. “Pemkab Sumenep Dinilai Lamban Tangani Covid-19.” surabayapagi.com - jurnalisme positif, April 5, 2020. http://surabayapagi.com/read/pemkab-sumenep-dinilai-lamban-tangani-covid19.

Suyanto, Bagong. Metode Penelitian Sosial. (Jakarta: Kencana, 2005.

Syarif, Zainuddin, and Abd Hannan. “Kearifan Lokal Pesantren Sebagai Bangunan Ideal Moderasi Islam Masyarakat Madura.” ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 14, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 220–40. https://doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2020.14.2.220-240.

Tim Detik. “Kebijakan New Normal Jokowi Didasari Data Keilmuan-Protokol Kesehatan.” DetikNews, June 3, 2020. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5038159/kebijakan-new-normal-jokowi-didasari-data-keilmuan-protokol-kesehatan.

Tribun Jatim. “7 Desa di Kecamatan Saronggi Sumenep Lockdown, Warga Terlihat Masih Tetap Ramai Keluar Masuk,” Oktober 2020. https://jatim.tribunnews.com/2020/10/03/7-desa-di-kecamatan-saronggi-sumenep-lockdown-warga-terlihat-masih-tetap-ramai-keluar-masuk.

Triyaningsih, Heny. “Efek Pemberitaan Media Massa terhadap Persepsi Masyarakat Pamekasan tentang Virus Corona.” Meyarsa 1, no. 1 (June 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19015/meyarsa.v1i1.3222.

Umam, Khairul. “Sampang Belum Siap New Normal.” https://rri.co.id, Mei 2020. https://rri.co.id/daerah/843969/sampang-belum-siap-new-normal.

Published
2021-12-01
Section
Articles