Zuhud Vis A Vis Modernity: The Resistance of Rural Community to Modernity
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Abstract
This research aims to reveal the opposition of a rural community at Kedungbanteng, Paguyangan, Brebes in responding to the pace of modernity, which tends to degrade human morality as its main actor. This study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. This study uses the interview method with structured interview guidance and participatory observation. A combination of several existing techniques carried out the data collection. Those techniques were observation, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, to test the validity of the data, three methods were used: source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation. It was found that the opposition applied by society in responding to the fundamental changes due to modernization was using zuhud behaviour. Specifically, these oppositions were manifested by eliminating materialism, increasing the caution of seeking sustenance (wirai), and firmly rejecting the formalist tradition diversity (fikih oriented). The zuhud movement can be carried out because a charismatic figure initiated it. In addition, what is quite prominent is the tomb pilgrimage to certain tombs believed to be the tombs of local ancestors and kyai. Pilgrimage can increase awareness that life exists in the world and in the grave; there is also life in the afterlife. So that someone will be careful and prepare provisions for the next life. The emphasis is on the spiritual practice of religious teachings rather than studying texts. So rarely try to find arguments as the basis of certain practices.
(Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap resistensi kelompok masyarakat di Dusun Kedungbanteng, Desa Paguyangan, Kab. Brebes dalam menanggapi laju modernisasi yang dewasa ini cenderung menurunkan moralitas manusia sebagai aktor utamanya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi transendental. Penelitian ini juga dilengkapi dengan metode wawancara serta pedoman wawancara terstruktur, serta observasi partisipatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggabungkan beberapa teknik yang ada. Teknik-teknik tersebut adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan untuk menguji keabsahan data digunakan tiga metode yaitu triangulasi sumber, triangulasi teknis, dan triangulasi waktu. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa resistensi yang dilakukan masyarakat dalam menyikapi perubahan mendasar akibat modernisasi adalah praktik zuhud. Lebih khusus lagi, secara praktis resistensi ini dimanifestasikan oleh; menghilangkan paham materialis, meningkatkan kehati-hatian dalam mencari rezeki (wirai) dan sangat menentang tradisi agama formalis (berorientasi fikih). Gerakan zuhud tersebut dapat terlaksana karena diprakarsai oleh sosok yang kharismatik. Selain itu, yang cukup menonjol adalah ziarah makam ke makam-makam tertentu yang diyakini sebagai makam para leluhur dan kyai setempat. Ziarah dapat meningkatkan kesadaran bahwa hidup ada di dunia dan di alam kubur; ada juga kehidupan di akhirat. Sehingga seseorang akan berhati-hati dan mempersiapkan bekal untuk kehidupan selanjutnya. Penekanan terdapat pada pengamalan spiritual ajaran agama daripada mempelajari teks. Sehingga jarang mencoba mencari argumentasi sebagai dasar dari praktek-praktek tertentu.)
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