Strategi Bertahan Kelompok Minoritas Agama Menghadapi Diskriminasi: Pengalaman Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia Banjarnegara Jawa Tengah
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Abstract
After the Ahmadiyya was sentenced as a heretical group outside Islam in 2005 and restrictions on the spread of its doctrines in 2008, in 2018 the Indonesian Ahmadiyya Community (JAI) experienced restrictions on their activities in Banjarnegara, Central Java due to resistance from the number of dominant Islamic organizations and prohibitions from the local district government. In discussing this, this article describes the discrimination received by the Ahmadiyya group in Banjarnegara according to the historical and developmental timelines and the Banjarnegara JAI's strategy to be able to maintain its existence. Based on qualitative research, this article shows that discrimination against Ahmadiyya in Banjarnegara was closely related to the fatwa that mentions Ahmadiyya as a group outside Islam or heretical and concerns of dominant Islamic groups over the spread of Ahmadiyya doctrines. To maintain its existence, the Ahmadiyya group has taken advantage of the structure of political opportunities available in the region where their new activities were located and social capital formed through collective identity, as well as reaching out to the community with framed humanism-altruistic activities. The region which was the new location for their activities has a relatively tolerant of political structure and society towards religious minority groups such as the Ahmadiyya. As an organization that already has several branches, the group also has taken advantage of social networks that had been formed historically.
(Setelah Ahmadiyah sempat divonis sebagai kelompok sesat di luar Islam pada tahun 2005 dan pembatasan penyebaran ajarannya pada tahun 2008, pada tahun 2018 Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia (JAI) mengalami pembatasan aktivitas mereka di Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah karena adanya resistensi dari jumlah ormas Islam dominan dan larangan dari pemerintah kabupaten setempat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika diskriminasi yang dialami Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia (JAI) di Banjarnegara dan strategi mereka dalam menghadapinya. Dalam membahas hal tersebut, artikel ini memaparkan diskriminasi yang diterima oleh kelompok Ahmadiyah di Banjarnegara sesuai dengan kronologi sejarah dan perkembangan serta strategi JAI Banjarnegara untuk dapat mempertahankan eksistensinya. Artikel ini, berdasarkan penelitian kualitatif, menunjukkan bahwa diskriminasi terhadap Ahmadiyah di Banjarnegara erat kaitannya dengan fatwa yang menyebut Ahmadiyah sebagai kelompok di luar Islam atau sesat dan kekhawatiran kelompok Islam dominan atas penyebaran doktrin Ahmadiyah. Untuk mempertahankan eksistensinya, kelompok Ahmadiyah memanfaatkan struktur peluang politik yang ada di wilayah tempat aktivitas baru mereka berada dan modal sosial yang terbentuk melalui identitas kolektif, serta menjangkau masyarakat dengan kegiatan berbingkai humanisme-altruistik. Wilayah yang menjadi lokasi baru kegiatan mereka memiliki struktur politik dan masyarakat yang relatif toleran terhadap kelompok minoritas agama seperti Ahmadiyah. Sebagai organisasi yang sudah memiliki sejumlah cabang, mereka juga memanfaatkan jejaring sosial yang telah terbentuk secara historis.)
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