I heard “hunedresit?”: Uncovering Language Barriers Among Indonesian Diasporas in Glasgow


Abstract
Despite the history of the 30th of September Movement (Gerakan Tiga Puluh September, G30S) incident and the Indonesian diasporas' status as exiles with feelings of being haunted and separated from their homeland, many Indonesians currently reside abroad. This current study aims to uncover and scrutinize language barriers among Indonesian diasporas in Glasgow, focusing on language barriers encountered, the effects of the language barriers, and adaptation strategies to face the language barriers. The findings of this study uncover that the Indonesian diasporas in Glasgow encompass the language barriers in Glaswegian accents, vocabularies or slang, and the fast pace of Glaswegian speech. The language barrier has significantly affected their living in Glasgow, especially regarding their communication with the locals and their emotional responses. In navigating the language barriers and adjusting to their new environment, the Indonesian diasporas employ various strategies, such as engaging with locals and learning through entertainment. In shedding light on the language barriers experienced by the Indonesian diasporas in Glasgow, this study highlights the imperative to learn and understand the cultures of host countries aimed at mitigating the challenges and obstacles while living over there.
Downloads
References
Abuarqoub, I. A. S. (2019). Language Barriers to Effective Communication. Utopia y Praxis Latinoamericana, 24(Extra6), 64–77. Retrieved from https://www.redalyc.org/journal/279/27962177008/html/
Adam, A. W. (2018). Beberapa Catatan tentang Historiografi Gerakan 30 September 1965. Archipel, 95, 11–30. https://doi.org/10.4000/archipel.604
Ahmed, T., & Shahzeb, S. (2024). Cultural Shocks: Understanding the Impact on International Students’ Academic Journey at Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah WUNY, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21831/jwuny.v6i1.72278
Akmaliah, W. (2015). Indonesia yang Dibayangkan: Peristiwa 1965-1966 dan Kemunculan Eksil Indonesia. Jurnal Masyarakat & Budaya, 17(1), 65–77. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343636014
Alhamami, M. (2020). Language Barriers in Multilingual Saudi Hospitals: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions. International Journal of Multilingualism, 19(4), 553–565. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2020.1777134
Ali, S., Yoenanto, N. H., & Nurdibyanandaru, D. (2020). Language Barrier Is the Cause of Stress Among International Students of Universitas Airlangga. PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics, 5(2), 242–256. https://doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v5i2.44355
Almukdad, M., & Karadag, E. (2024). Culture Shock Among International Students in Turkey: An Analysis of the Effects of Self-Efficacy, Life Satisfaction and Socio-Cultural Adaptation on Culture Shock. BMC Psychology, 12(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01641-9
Andrade, M. S. (2006). International Students in English-Speaking Universities: Adjustment Factors. Journal of Research in International Education, 5(2), 131–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240906065589
Bamberger, A. (2020). Accumulating Cosmopolitan and Ethnic Identity Capital Through International Student Mobility. Studies in Higher Education, 45(7), 1367–1379. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1597037
Bamberger, A., Kim, T., Morris, P., & Rizvi, F. (2021). Diaspora, Internationalization and Higher Education. British Journal of Educational Studies, 69(5), 501–511. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2021.1966282
Barger, S. S. (2004). The Impact of International Students on Domestic Students in United States Institutions of Higher Education (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L., Vedder, P., & Liebkind, K. (2006). Immigrant Youth in Cultural Transition: Acculturation, Identity, and Adaptation across National Contexts. In Immigrant youth in cultural transition: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation across national contexts. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge.
Brooks, R., & Waters, J. (2021). International Students and Alternative Visions of Diaspora. British Journal of Educational Studies, 69(5), 557–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2021.1948501
Butler, K. D. (2001). Defining Diaspora, Refining a Discourse. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, 10(2), 189–219. https://doi.org/10.1353/dsp.2011.0014
Cohen, N. (2008). State, Migrants and the Production of Extra-Territorial Spaces: Negotiating Israeli Citizenship in the Diaspora (Doctoral Dissertation). The University of Arizona.
Cohen, R. (1996). Diasporas and the Nation-State: From Victims to Challengers. International Affairs, 72(3), 507–520. https://doi.org/10.2307/2625554
Ennin, F., & Manariyo, E. (2023). Language as Communication Barrier for Foreign Students: Evidence from Gujarat State Universities. European Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 4(6), 71-77. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2023.4.6.697
Ernofalina, E. (2017). Culture Shocks Experienced by Indonesian Students Studying Overseas. International Journal of Educational Best Practices, 1(2), 87. https://doi.org/10.31258/ijebp.v1n2.p87-105
Fang, C., & van Liempt, I. (2021). ‘We Prefer Our Dutch’: International Students’ Housing Experiences in the Netherlands. Housing Studies, 36(6), 822–842. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2020.1720618
Grossman, J. (2019). Toward a Definition of Diaspora. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 42(8), 1263–1282. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2018.1550261
Hill, D. T. (2022). Indonesian Political Exiles in the Netherlands After 1965; Postcolonial Nationalists in an Era of Transnationalism. Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia, 23(3), 4. https://doi.org/10.17510/wacana.v23i3.1003
Jayanti, C. F. Y. D., Romadloni, S., Yudiana, I. K., & Mahfud. (2023). Sukarno’s Thinking Contribution in the Flow Indonesian Education, 1945-1967. International Journal of Educational Review, Law and Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 3(2), 399–405. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v3i2.668
Kristiana, I. F., Karyanta, N. A., Simanjuntak, E., Prihatsanti, U., Ingarianti, T. M., & Shohib, M. (2022). Social Support and Acculturative Stress of International Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6568. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116568
Mall, N. S., & Payne, C. (2023). “It’s Not a Level Playing Field”: Exploring International Students of Color’s Challenges and the Impact of Racialized Experiences on the Utilization of Campus Resources During COVID-19. Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 15(1), 131–147. https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v15i1.4461
Mekonen, Y. K., & Adarkwah, M. A. 2023. 'Exploring Homesickness among International Students in China during Border Closure.' International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 94, 101800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2023.101800
Nazir, T., & Özçiçek, A. (2022). Language Barrier, Language Related Issues and Stress Among International Students in Turkish Universities. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 2(2), 213–218. https://www.multiresearchjournal.com/arclist/list-2022.2.2/id-149
Okolie, S. O., & Manyeruke, G. (2024). The Impact of Discrimination on the Psychological Wellbeing and Ethnic Identity of International Students in North Cyprus. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(5), https://doi.org/10.54517/esp.v9i5.2247
Oktafiani, I. (2019). The Meaning of Diasporic Identity: A Case of Indonesian Community Overseas. Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities, 9(2), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v9i2.154
Peraturan Presiden No 76. (2017). Peraturan Presiden tentang Fasilitas bagi Masyarakat Indonesia di Luar Negeri. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia, 177. Retrieved from https://peraturan.go.id/files/ps76-2017.pdf
Rathakrishnan, B., Singh, S. S. B., Kamaluddin, M. R., Ghazali, M. F., Yahaya, A., Mohamed, N. H., & Krishnan, A. R. (2021). 'Homesickness and Socio-Cultural Adaptation towards Perceived Stress among International Students of a Public University in Sabah: An Exploration Study for Social Sustainability.' Sustainability, 13, 4924. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094924
Sawir, E. (2005). Language Difficulties of International Students in Australia: The Effects of Prior Learning Experience. International Education Journal, 6(5), 567–580. https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/language-difficulties-of-international-students-in-australia-the-
Sawir, E., Marginson, S., Deumert, A., Nyland, C., & Ramia, G. (2008). Loneliness and International Students: An Australian Study. Journal of Studies in International Education, 12(2), 148–180. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315307299699
Shoukat, S., Callixte, C., Nugraha, J., Budy, T. I., & Shoukat, H. 2021. ‘Homesickness, Anxiety and Depression among Pakistani International Students in Indonesia during Covid-19 Outbreak’. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, (17)2, 225–31. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v17i2.31300
Suradi, Safrudiningsih, & Sjailendra, S. (2023). Dilema Eksil: Tetap di Luar Negeri atau Pulang ke Tanah Air. Journal Visioner: Journal of Television, 5(1), 49–69. https://journal.atvi.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_visioner/article/view/33
Tenzer, H., Pudelko, M., & Harzing, A. W. (2014). The Impact of Language Barriers on Trust Formation in Multinational Teams. Journal of International Business Studies, 45(5), 508-535. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2013.64
Tidwell, R., & Hanassab, S. (2007). New Challenges for Professional Counsellors: The Higher Education International Student Population. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 20(4), 313–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070701573927
Trice, A. G. (2004). Mixing It Up: International Graduate Students’ Social Interactions With American Students. Journal of College Student Development, 45(6), 671–687. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2004.0074
Wawera, A. S., & McCamley, A. (2020). Loneliness Among International Students in the UK. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44(9), 1262–1274. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2019.1673326
Wright, C., & Schartner, A. (2013). “I Can’t … I Won’t?” International Students at the Threshold of Social Interaction. Journal of Research in International Education, 12(2), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240913491055
Yang, F., He, Y., & Xia, Z. (2023). The Effect of Perceived Discrimination on Cross-Cultural Adaptation of International Students: Moderating Roles of Autonomous Orientation and Integration Strategy. Current Psychology, 42(23), 19927–19940. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03106-x
Zakaria, M. K., Saputra, R. H., Embong, A. M., Khadim, K. A., Wahab, N. A. A., Hailan, S., Kadir, F. K. A., Munawarah, J., Abdul-Kadir, N. A., Nasir, N. Y. M., & Kadir, K. A. (2024). Similar but Not Same: Language Barriers and the Facet of Life Faced by the Indonesians as International Students in Malaysia. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 19(4), 1347–1359. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.190412
Zheng, K., Johnson, S., Jarvis, R., Victor, C., Barreto, M., Qualter, P., & Pitman, A. (2023). The Experience of Loneliness Among International Students Participating in the BBC Loneliness Experiment: Thematic Analysis of Qualitative Survey Data. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, 4(February). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100113
The journal operates an Open Access policy under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.