REKONSTRUKSIHUKUM ISLAM DANIMPLIKASI SOSIAL BUDAYA PASCA REFORMASI DI INDONESIA
Abstract
Abstrak:
Nabi Muhammad tidak sepenuhnya memusnahkan tradisi Arab pra-Islam. Bahkan, Nabi Muhammad banyak menciptakan aturan-aturan yang melegalkan hukum adat masyarakat Arab, sehingga memberi tempat bagi praktik hukum adat di dalam sistem hukum Islam. Signifikansi peran budaya dalam hukum Islam kemudian diteruskan oleh para penerusnya. Dengan demikian, budaya memiliki posisi yang penting dalam sejarah hukum Islam. Ini juga membuktikan bahwa budaya yang berkembang dalam masyarakat tidak harus tunduk dalam ekspresi hukum Islam (corak Arab), melainkan hukum Islam harus melakukan proses mutasi untuk beradaptasi di bawah naungan budaya yang hidup di masyarakat sepanjang budaya tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan ajaran fundamental dan spirit Islam. Dalam konteks Indonesia, paling tidak ada dua gagasan penting, yaitu: “fikih Indonesia” dan “pribumisasi Islam”. Dari kedua gagasan ini, setidaknya ada dua paradigma penting dalam upaya pribumisasi hukum Islam, yaitu: pertama, kontekstual, hukum Islam dipahami sebagai ajaran yang terkait dengan dimensi zaman dan tempat. Kedua, menghargai tradisi lokal. Dengan kedua paradigma ini, maka pribumisasi hukum Islam akan menjadi lebih jelas. Dengan demikian, pasca reformasi haruslah menjadi momen positif untuk merekontruksi budaya lokal, bukan malah menghancurkannya dengan pemaksaan konsep hukum yang tidak sesuai dengan kepribadian bangsa Indonesia.
Abstract:
The fact explains that the Prophet Muhammad is not completely destroy the tradition of pre-Islamic Arabia. In fact, Prophet Muhammad creating many rules of customary law which legalizing pre-Islamic custom of Arab society, thus giving the place for the practice of customary law in the Islamic legal system. The significance of culture in Islamic law and then passed on by his successors. Thus, culture has an important position in the history of Islamic law. It also proves that the culture that developed in the community should not be subject to the legal expression of Islam (Arabic style), but Islamic law is the subject of mutation process under the auspices of cultures living in the community as long as it is not contrary to the fundamental teachings and spirit of Islam . In the Indonesian context, there are at least two important initiatives, namely: "fiqh Indonesia" and "pribumisasi Islam". There are at least two important principles in this process namely: first, contextual, Islamic law is understood as a doctrine which associated with the dimensions of time and space. Secondly, respect local traditions. With these two principles, pribumisasi of Islamic law will become clearer. Thus, the post-reform must be a positive moment to reconstruct the local culture, rather than destroy it by forcing law concept which does not fit with the personality of the Indonesian people.
Kata kunci:
Hukum Islam, sosial budaya, pasca reformasi, pribumisasi Islam.
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