SENTUHAN ADAT DALAM PEMBERLAKUAN SYARIAT ISLAM DI ACEH (1514-1903)
Abstract
Abstrak:
Artikel ini ingin menguji akar pemberlakuan hukum jinayah (hudud dan kisas) di Aceh pada masa Kerajaan Aceh Darussalam (1496-1903). Terjadi perdebatan, manakah yang diberlakukan di Aceh: syariat Islam (hudud dan kisas) atau hukum adat masyarakat Aceh. Pendapat pertama menyatakan bahwa hukum jinayah pernah diberlakukan pada beberapa masa Sultan Aceh dan pendapat kedua mengatakan bahwa hukum jinayah tidak diberlakukan di Aceh, melain-kan hukum adat yang diberlakukan. Titik singgung pemberlakuan syariat Islam dengan adat di Aceh justru memperlihatkan bahwa pemberlakuan syariat Islam di Aceh tidak murni sesuai dengan ketentuan syariah, melainkan terjadi dinamika sosial, yakni masuknya unsur adat ke dalam pemberlakuan syariah.
Abstract
This article tends to examine the basis of jinayah (crime) law implementation in Aceh during the Aceh Darussalam Kingdom period (1496-1903 AD). QanunJinayah is argued by the Acehness, it goes around that which must be implemented the shari’a, Islamic law (hudûd and qishâsh) or customary law (hukum adat) of Aceh society. First side states that jinayah law had ever been valid during the Sultan of Aceh period of time but the second side argues that it was the customary law that had been implemented. It indicates that in Aceh the enforcement of Islamic law does not genuinely match the shari’a provision, in contrast it has been influenced by customary law factor. In brief, there is a social dynamics in the implementation of shari’a.
Kata Kunci:
Syariat Islam, Aceh, adat, hudud,dan kisas
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