MEMBACA KEMBALI ‘ILLAH DOKTRIN IDAH DALAMPERSPEKTIF USHÛL AL-FIQH
Abstract
Abstrak:
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi tidak diketahuinya secara jelas ‘illah doktrin idah baik dalam Al-Qur’an maupun hasil kajian para pakar, sehingga eksistensi doktrin idah berpotensi dipertanyakan kembali terlebih dikaitkan dengan teknologi modern. Oleh karena itu, masalah yang dikaji adalah bagaimana ‘illah idah dalam Al-Qur’an beserta kondisi sosial yang melatarbelakanginya dan bagaimana relevansi ‘illah tersebut dengan doktrin idah dikaitkan dengan zaman sekarang dalam perspektif ushûl al-fiqh. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan ushûl al-fiqh kontekstual. Hasil yang ditemukan adalah Al-Qur’an ternyata tidak mengatur ‘illah doktrin idah. Interpretasi para pakar terhadap doktrin ini pun tidak dapat disebut ‘illah melainkan hikmah adanya doktrin idah. ‘Illah idah yang tepat berdasarkan proses al-sibr wa al-taqsîm adalah etika atau kesopanan. Etika atau kesopanan selalu relevan dengan zaman, tidak terbatas waktu, tidak terikat kondisi dan berlaku pada setiap orang. Berdasarkan ‘illah tersebut dan sesuai dengan kondisi sekarang serta melalui kajian maqâshid al-syarî‘ah dan qiyâs, idah tidak hanya masih wajib dijalani mantan istri, tetapi mantan suami pun wajib menjalaninya sebagaimana Nabi Muhammad pun menjalani idah sepeninggal Khadijah. Masa idah yang wajib ditempuh mantan suami adalah menyesuaikan dengan masa idah mantan istri.
Abstract:
The background of this research is found the ‘illah of idah doctrine which is not clear so far according to the Al-Qur’an and the result of experts research, so existence of idah doctrine become a question marks if related with modern technology. Therfore, the focus in this research that how ‘illah‘iddah according to the Al-Qur’an and social conditions underlying the ‘illah of ‘iddah, and also the relevance of ‘illah of idah with ushûl al-fiqh perspective. This research used ushul fiqh contextual approach. The result finding that the Al-Qur’an does not regulate the ‘illah of idah doctrine. The interpretation of experts about this doctrine does not as ‘illah but they just said the hikmah (benefit) of ‘illah. The exact of ‘iddah is related to the process of al-sibr wa al-taqsîm which is ethic or good manners. Ethic (good manners) is always relevant any period, any conditions, unlimited time and applies to any one. Based on ‘illah is relevant with right now condition and also study of maqâshid al-syarî‘ah and qiyâs, idah is not just for ex-wife but ex-husband also do this ‘iddah in same manner as the prophet Muhammad did ‘iddah after the death of Khadijah. The phase of idah for ex-husband is the same as the phase of idah for ex-wife.
Kata Kunci:
‘Illah,hikmah, idah, ushûl al-fiqh.
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