Penerapan Akad Jual Beli di Toko Modern dalam Pandangan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (Studi Kasus di Pulau Mandangin Kabupaten Sampang)

Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas tentang perkembangan praktik jual beli di era modern, di mana ketiadaan ijab dan qabul secara ekplisit menjadi suatu hal yang lumrah. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, ada dua permasalahan yang menjadi kajian pokok dalam penelitian ini, pertama, bagaimana penerapan akad jual beli di toko Basmalah Pulau Mandangin; kedua, bagaimana penerapan akad jual beli di toko modern dalam pandangan hukum ekonomi syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Informannya adalah jajaran staff toko Basmalah cabang Pulau Mandangin, pelanggan dan tokoh masyarakat. Sedangkan pengecekan keabsahan data dilakukan melalui perpanjangan keikutsertaan, ketekunan pengamatan, triangulasi, analisis kasus negatif dan uraian rinci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, pelaksanaan akad jual beli di toko modern di Pulau Mandangin ini menggunakan barcode dan pelanggan diperbolehkan mengambil produk/barang yang inginkan; kedua, mengenai transaksi jual beli di toko modern, ulama berbeda pendapat sebagian ulama tidak membolehkan karena akad itu harus jelas dan sebagian ulama lainnya membolehkan, seperti Ibnu Syuraih berpendapat sebagaimana firman Allah telah menghalalkan jual beli dan tidak ada lafal khusus untuk hal tersebut sehingga diperbolehkan memakai adat kebiasaan yang berlaku. (This study discusses the development of buying and selling practices in the modern era, where the absence of consent and qabul is explicitly becoming a common thing. So, there are two problems which is the main idea in this case; first, how the implementation of the sale and purchase agreement at the Basmalah store of Mandangin Island; second, how is the application of the sale and purchase agreement in a modern store in the view of Islamic economic law. This research is a descriptive study by using a qualitative approach. Sources of data obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. The informants were the staff of the Basmalah store branch of Mandangin Island, customers and community leaders. While checking the validity of the data is done through extended participation, perseverance of observation, triangulation, negative case analysis and detailed description. The results showed that: first, the implementation of the sale and purchase agreement at this modern shop on Mandangin Island used barcodes and customers were allowed to take the products / items they wanted comfortably; secondly, regarding buying and selling transactions in modern stores, some scholars disagree, it do not allow because the contract must be pronounced clearly, while some others allowed, as Ibn Syuraih which is though that God has justified the sale and purchase and there is no specific pronunciation for that matter so it is permissible to use prevailing customs).