ISLÂM, FEMINISME, DAN KONSEP KESETARAAN GENDER DALAM AL-QUR’ÂN
Abstract
Sejarah menunjukkan bahwa perempuan pada masa awal Islâm mendapat penghargaan tinggi. Islâm mengangkat harkat dan martabat perempuan dari posisi yang kurang beruntung pada zaman jahiliyah. Di dalam al-Qur’ân, persoalan kesetaraan laki-laki dan perempuan ditegaskan secara eksplisit. Meskipun demikian, masyarakat muslim secara umum tidak memandang laki-laki dan perempuan sebagai setara. Akar mendalam yang mendasari penolakan dalam masyarakat muslim adalah keyakinan bahwa perempuan adalah makhluk Allâh yang lebih rendah karena diciptakan dari tulang rusuk yang bengkok. Selain itu, perempuan dianggap sebagai makhluk yang kurang akalnya sehingga harus selalu berada dalam bimbingan laki-laki. Akibatnya, produk-produk pemikiran Islâm sering memosisikan perempuan sebagai subordinat. Kenyataan ini tentu sangat memprihatinkan, karena Islâm pada prinsipnya menjunjung tinggi kesetaraan dan tidak membedakan manusia berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Oleh karena itu, doktrin maupun pandangan yang mengatasnamakan agama yang sarat dengan praktik diskriminatif sudah selayaknya dikaji ulang, jika ingin Islâm tetap menjadi rahmat bagi seluruh alam.
History proves that woman had been highly respected in the early of Islamic period. Islam promoted the woman’s dignity and prestige from being uncivilzed in the time of jahiliyah. Al-Qur’an has explicitly stated that man and woman equity. However, Muslim community does not apply the same view of man-woman equity as stated in the holy scipture. The community believes that Allah creates women differently from men; women are considered weaker since they are created from the rib of the men. Hence, men think that most women are illogical then they must be under the guidance of men. As a result, the products of Islamic studies place women as the sub-ordianated creation. This is quite apprehensive. On the other hand, Islamic teaching actually holds up the gender equality, it does not differ people from its gender. Consequently, there must be a restudied-discourse on a view or doctrin that answering to the name of religion practicing descriminative act on woman. It is about to purify the Islamic vision of being a rahmat (mercy) for the rest of mankind.
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