Dialectics Between Islam and Local Culture in Wetu Telu Lombok Muslims’ Merariq Tradition: An ‘Urf Perspective

  • Fawaizul Umam Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq, Jember
  • Mohammad Ali Al Humaidy Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura, Pamekasan
  • Moh. Asyiq Amrulloh Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram, Mataram
Abstract views: 258 , PDF downloads: 179
Keywords: Islam; Local Culture; Dialectics; Merariq; ‘Urf

Abstract

This article discusses dialectical teachings between Islam and local culture among Wetu Telu Muslims, a local community in Lombok, which is often accused of developing a prototype of Islamic teachings mixed with deviant, heterodox, and heretical traditions. The discussion focuses on one form of their traditions that reflects the dialectics, namely the merariq in wedding tradition. By applying a qualitative approach, this study specifically portrayed relevant views of Wetu Telu Muslims which are relatively different from that of orthodox Muslims in Lombok. Based on the results of participatory observation and unstructured in-depth interviews, the study findings reveal that the traditions of the Wetu Telu Muslims, especially in merariq, reflect a dialectical teaching between Islam and local culture so that it can be named as an Islamic tradition. It is also clear that Wetu Telu's teachings are extremely tolerant to the local culture and this is proven, among others, through their wedding tradition. From the ‘Urf perspective, merariq wedding tradition is legitimate for recognition as an Islamic culture or Islamic legal practice even though some aspects of the tradition differ from the general principles of Islamic orthodoxy in Indonesia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Al-Bagawī, Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥusain bin Mas’ūd. Sharḥ Al-Sunnah. Bairut: Dār al-Fikr, 2005.

Al-Fādānī, Abū al-Fayd Muḥammad bin Yāsin bin Isā. Al-Fawā’id Al-Janiyyah. n.p: al-Bidāyah, n.d.

Al-Ḥajjāj, Abū al-Ḥusayn Muslim bn. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Bandung: Shirkat al-Ma’ārif li al-Thab’ wa al-Nashr, n.d.

Al-Jawziyyah, Ibn Qayyim. I’lām Al-Muwaqqi’īn ‘an Rabb Al-Ālāmīn. Bairut: Dār Iḥyā al-Turāth al-‘Arabiy, 1993.

Al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn. Al-Ashbāh Wa Al-Naẓā’ir. Bairut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2010.

Al-Zuḥaylī, Wahbah. Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmī Wa Adillatuh. Bairut: Dār al-Fikr, 1989.

———. Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmī Wa Adillatuh. Bairut: Dār al-Fikr, 1989.

———. Uṣūl Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmī. Baghdad: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.

Allāh, Alī Ḥasab. Uṣūl Al-Tashrī’ Al-Islāmī. Egypt: Dār al-Ma’ārif, 1971.

Anas, Mālik bin. Al-Mudawwanah Al-Kubrā. Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 2005.

Aniq, Ahmad Fathan. “Lombok Islam in the Eyes of Anthropologists.” Alqalam 28, no. 2 (2011): 197. https://doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v28i2.1372.

Asad, Talal. “Anthropological Conceptions of Religion: Reflection on Geertz.” Man 18, no. 12 (1983): 237–259. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2801433.

Avonius, Leena. “Reforming Adat: Indonesian Indigenous People in the Era of Reformasi.” The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology 4, no. 2 (2003): 123–42. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14442210310001706417.

Barten, Eldar. In Muslim Diversity: Local Islam in Global Context. Richmond: Curzon Press, 1999.

Budiwanti, Erni. Islam Sasak: Wetu Telu versus Waktu Lima. Yogyakarta: LKíS, 2000.

———. “The Role of Wali, Ancient Mosques and Sacred Tombs in the Dynamics of Islamisation in Lombok.” Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage 3, no. 1 (2015): 17–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31291/hn.v3i1.18.

Bukido, Rosdalina, Nurlaila Harun, Edi Gunawan, and Rahman Mantu. “Harmonization of Customary and Islamic Law in the Gama Tradition of the Muslim Mongondow Community of North Sulawesi.” Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 22, no. 2 (2022): 239–54. https://doi.org/10.18326/IJTIHAD.V22I2.239-254.

Cederroth, Sven. The Spell of the Ancestors and the Power of Mekkah: A Sasak Community on Lombok. Sweden: ACTA Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 1981.

Dictionary. “Dialectic.” Merriam-Webster.Com, May 6, 2024. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dialectic.

Dueck, Al, Jeffrey Ansloos, Austin Johnson, and Christin Fort. “Western Cultural Psychology of Religion: Alternatives to Ideology.” Pastoral Psychology 66, no. 3 (2017): 397–425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-016-0731-3.

El-Zein, Abdul Hamid. “Beyond Ideology and Theology: The Search for the Anthropology of Islam.” Annual Review of Anthropology 6, no. 227–254 (1977). http://www.jstor.org/stable/2949332.

Fahrurrozi. “Tuan Guru and Social Change in Lombok, Indonesia.” Indonesia and the Malay World 46, no. 135 (2018): 117–34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2018.1452487.

Geertz, Clifford. The Religion of Java. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1976.

Hägerdal, Hans. Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Lombok and Bali in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Bangkok: White Lotus Press, 2001.

Hasan, Nor, Muhammad Taufiq, Abd Hannan, and Muhammad Iqbal Ghafiri Enhas. “Tradition, Social Values, and Fiqh of Civilization: Examining the Nyadran Ritual in Nganjuk, East Java, Indonesia.” Samarah 7, no. 3 (2023): 1778–1802. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.20578.

Jamaludin. “Salut as a Gate For the Coming of Islam in Lombok: Archaeological Analysis of the Ancient Mosque in North Lombok.” Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage 7, no. 1 (2018): 46–78. https://doi.org/10.31291/hn.v7i1.513.

Kailani, Najib. Articulations of Islam and Muslim Subjectivity: Fundamental Debates in the Anthropology of Islam. Taiwan: Centre for Multicultural Studies, 2020.

Kasdi, Abdurrohman. “Islamic Dialectics and Culture in Establishing Islam Nusantara Paradigm: Variety Model of Islam Nusantara for Indonesia.” Addin 12, no. 2 (2018): 299. https://doi.org/10.21043/addin.v12i2.4537.

Khalāf, ‘Abd al-Wahhāb. ‘Ilm Uṣūl Al-Fiqh. Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 2003.

Khalāf, Abd al-Wahhāb. Maṣādir Al-Tashrī‘ Al-Islāmī Fīmā Lā Naṣṣ Fīh. Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1993.

Maḥmaṣānī, Ṣubḥī. Falsafat Al-Tashrī’ Fī Al-Islām. Beirut: Maktabah al-Kashshāf, 1946.

Mahmood, Saba, and Jean-michel Landry. “Anthropology of Islam Journal.” Journal of Ethnographic Theory 5 (2020): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/OBO/9780199766567-0175.

Maimun. “Islam Nusantara in Islamic Law Epistemology Perspective.” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 11, no. 2 (2017): 392. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-ihkam.v11i2.779.

Mansyur, Zaenudin. “Self-Esteem and Fixed Price in Islamic Law (A Critical Study of the Pesuke Tradition among the Nobles of the Sasak Tribe of Lombok).” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial 16, no. 1 (2021): 180–206. https://doi.org/10.19105/AL-LHKAM.V16I1.4996.

Muhammad Ahyar. “Islam Bayan: An Analysis of Religious Behavior on Gama and Luir Gama Traditional Ceremonies in Lombok Ntb.” International Journal of Social Science 2, no. 6 (2023): 2377–90. https://doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v2i6.5410.

Muhammad, Husein. Fiqh Perempuan: Refleksi Kiai Atas Tafsir Wacana Agama dan Gender. Yogyakarta: IRCiSod, 2019.

Nofiardi. “The ‘Urf Perspective of Maanta Bareh Pasaran: Reinforcing the Kinship System through a Local Wisdom in Nagari Balingka.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 7, no. 1 (2022): 75–92. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v7i1.4132.

Qudāmah, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abī Muḥammad Abd Allāh bin Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin. Al-Mughnī. Riyadh: Dār Ālam al-Kutub, 1997.

Rushd, Muḥammad bin Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin. Bidāyat Al-Mujtahid Wa Nihāyat Al-Muqtaṣid. Semarang: Maktabah Usaha Keluarga, n.d.

Salehudin, Ahmad. “The Sasak People of Lombok: Indigenous Communities at the Crossroads of Globalization.” Al-Albab 8, no. 2 (2019): 281–97. https://doi.org/10.24260/alalbab.v8i2.1416.

Singer, Peter. Hegel: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Siregar, Fatahuddin Aziz, Febri Yulika, Nofialdi, Ikhwanuddin Harahap, Benny Ridwan, and Iswandi Syahputra. “Merantau in the Ethnic Tradition of Minangkabau: Local Custom without Sharia Basis?” Samarah 6, no. 1 (2022): 115–38. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i1.9954.

Suhaimi, Agustri Purwandi, and Akhmad Farid Mawardi Sufyan. “Binsabin and Tongngebban as Madurese Local Wisdom: An Anthropology of Islamic Law Analyses.” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial 16, no. 1 (2021): 161–79. https://doi.org/10.19105/AL-LHKAM.V16I1.3861.

Sulfan Wandi, Sulfan Wandi. “Eksistensi ’Urf dan Adat Kebiasaan Sebagai Dalil Fiqh.” SAMARAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 2, no. 1 (2018): 181. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v2i1.3111.

Sulfinadia, Hamda, Jurna Petri Roszi, Rosdialena, Eli Suryani, and Anisa Fitri. “Implementation of Aqiqah in the Bulan Maulid in Nagari Padang Laweh West Sumatra Perspective’Urf.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 8, no. 2 (2023): 465–84. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v8i2.6800.

Sunnah, Aḥmad Fahmī Abū. Al-‘Urf Wa Al-‘Ādah Fī Ra’y Al-Fuqahā.’ Cairo: Al-Azhar, 1947.

Suprapto. Dialektika Islam Dan Budaya Nusantara: Dari Negosiasi, Adaptasi Hingga Komodifikasi. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group, 2020.

———. “Sasak Muslims and Interreligious Harmony: Ethnographic Study of the Perang Topat Festival in Lombok - Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Islam 11, no. 1 (2017): 77–98. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2017.11.1.77-98.

Umam, Fawaizul. Membangun Resistensi, Merawat Tradisi: Modal Sosial Komunitas Wetu Telu. Mataram: Lembaga Kajian Islam dan Masyarakat, 2006.

Warman, Arifki Budia, Zulkifli, Yustiloviani, Wardatun Nabilah, and Riska Fauziah Hayati. “Strengthening Family Resilience Through Local Wisdom: Pulang Ka Bako Type of Marriage in Minangkabau.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 8, no. 1 (2023): 253–68. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v8i1.6971.

Zahid, Moh. “Sharia and Local Wisdom in Indonesia: A Criticism of Jāhiliyyah Law Misinterpretation.” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 22, no. 2 (2022): 455–72. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v22i2.25100.

Zainuddin, Jusalim Sammak, and Salle. “Akkattere: Syncretism of Patuntung Beliefs and Sharia on Pilgrimage of The Ammatoa Kajang Community.” AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 23, no. 2 (2023): 473–96. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v23i2.30675.

———. “Patuntung: The Encounter of Local Culture and Islamic Sharia in the Ammatoa Aajang Community.” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial 18, no. 1 (2023): 177–99. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v18i1.8207.

Zaydān, ‘Abd al-Karīm. Al-Madkhal Li Dirāsat Al-Sharī’ah Al-Islāmiyyah. Baghdad: Maktabah al-Quds, 1982.

Published
2024-06-15
Section
Articles