REKONSTRUKSI MAQÂSHID AL-SYARÎ’AH (Sebuah Gagasan Hasan Hanafi tentang Revitalisasi Turâts)


Abstract
Abstrak:
Dalam pergulatan wacana keagamaan kontemporer, isu maqâshid al-syarî'ah banyak dihembuskan oleh kalangan liberal sebagai sebuah simbol perlawanan atas kian teguhnya keberpihakan pada dominasi fiqih klasik yang dalam banyak hal telah gagal melampaui jamannya. Salah seorang pemikir kontemporer yang mengusung program rekonstruksi kebudayaan yang membebaskan adalah Hasan Hanafi. Ia ingin mereformasi pemikiran Islam dengan melakukan revitalisasi terhadap turâts (tradisi) klasik dan mere-konstruksinya sehingga tidak usang dan menjadi ramah terhadap kondisi kontemporer. Di bidang hukum Islam, Hanafi melakukan rekonstruksi atas maqâshid al-syarî'ah melalui reformasi linguistik. Hasilnya, hifzh al-nafs dimaknai sebagai menjaga kelestarian umat dari ancaman yang datang baik dari dalam negeri ataupun luar negeri, hifzh al-’aql diaritikan menggalakkan rasioanalitas, pendidikan, dan memerangi kebodohan, hifzh al-dîn dimaknai sebagai memberi kebebasan beragama kepada pemeluk agama untuk meyakini dan melaksanan ajaran agamanya, hifzh al-’irdl berarti menjaga harga diri umat dan negara baik dari penjajahan maupun tekanan pihak luar, dan kelima hifzh al-mâl adalah melindungi sumber daya alam negara dan memanfaatkannya demi kepentingan rakyat. Implementasi maqâshid al-syarî’ah tersebut menjadi kewajiban negara.
Kata Kunci:
Hasan Hanafi, maqâshid al-syarî’ah, turâts, rekonstruksi, negara
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