Non-Muslims and Sharia-Based Regional Government; Comparison between Aceh, Indonesia and Selangor, Malaysia

Burhanudin Harahap; I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani; Lego Karjoko

doi:10.19105/al-lhkam.v18i2.10456

Burhanudin Harahap Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta
I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta
Lego Karjoko Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta

https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v18i2.10456

Abstract views: 556 ,

PDF downloads: 479

Keywords: Sharia Law; Legal Protection; Non-Muslim; Aceh; Selangor

Abstract

One plausible challenge that may emerge throughout the application of sharia law in Aceh, for instance, is the presence of interreligious disputes. The fact that not all members of communities are Muslims poses an inquiry. This research examines how Sharia law is enforced in Aceh; how legal protection for non-Muslims is affected by the enforcement, as well as, to the same topic, how the comparison between Aceh and of Selangor, Malaysia is. According to this empirical study, Qanun was created in Aceh to secure adherence to sharia law, so that Qanun Jinayat applies to community members identified as Muslim. In contrast, Malaysia is a multiethnic and multiracial nation governed by the supreme law, namely the Federal Constitution, which protects its diverse religion and communities. Sharia law applies exclusively to Muslims in Selangor, in stark contrast to jinayah law in Aceh which apply this to Aceh citizen. Hence, stakeholders in Aceh must collaborate to assess and fortify legal safeguards for non-Muslim inhabitants, extending beyond the freedom to select the form of justice they prefer. The objective is to guarantee the rights of each citizen in a manner that is devoid of violence or any indications of human rights violations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, Ahmad Syauqi, and Nisar Mohammad Ahmad. “Maqasid Al-Syariah Dan Hubungkaitannya Dengan Hak Kebebasan Beragama Di Malaysia (Maqasid Al-Syariah and Its Relation with Freedom of Religion in Malaysia).” UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies 10, no. 2 (June 22, 2023): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.11113/umran2023.10n2.610.

Ahyar, Ahyar. “Aspek Hukum Pelaksanaan Qanun Jinayat Di Provinsi Aceh.” Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 17, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 131. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2017.V17.131-154.

Ahyar, Evi Djuniarti, Muhaimin, Eko Noer Kristiyanto, Ridwan Nurdin, and Ali Abubakar. “Legitimation of Qanun in the Indonesian Law System,” 2021. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210506.048.

Amir, Ahmad Nabil. “Ahmad Ibrahim and the Islamization of Law in Malaysia.” Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari’ah Dan Masyarakat 22, no. 1 (July 13, 2022): 159–78. https://doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v22i1.12130.

Anggraeni, RR Dewi. “Islamic Law and Customary Law in Contemporary Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: Tension and Constraints.” Ahkam 23, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v23i1.32549.

Asrun, Andi Muhammad, Abdu Rahmat Rosyadi, and Yennie K. Milono. “Mempertanyakan Legalitas Qanun Aceh: Sesuaikah Dengan Sistem Peraturan Perundang-Undangan.” Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 21, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 273–94. https://doi.org/10.24815/kanun.v21i2.12632.

Azmi, Ahmad Sanusi, and Mohd Yusuf Ismail. “KONSEP RAHMATAN LIL ALAMIN DALAM HADITH: PENEROKAAN MAKNA SERTA APLIKASI DI MALAYSIA.” Journal Of Hadith Studies, November 26, 2018. https://doi.org/10.33102/johs.v3i2.40.

Danial, Danial. “SYARI’AT ISLAM DAN PLURALITAS SOSIAL (Studi Tentang Minoritas Non-Muslim Dalam Qanun Syari’at Islam Di Aceh).” Analisis Jurnal Studi Keislaman 12, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ajsk.v12i1.630.

Djawas, Mursyid, Andi Sugirman, Bukhari Ali, Muqni Affan, and Idham Idham. “The Position of Non-Muslims in the Implementation of Islamic Law in Aceh, Indonesia.” Ahkam 23, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v23i1.32127.

Fan, Aidil. “KEDUDUKAN QANUN DALAM PANDANGAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 12 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN.” Politica: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara Dan Politik Islam 6, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 19–42. https://doi.org/10.32505/politica.v6i2.2733.

Farkhani, Farkhani, Badwan Badwan, Ali Geno Berutu, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, and Fahmi Irfanudin. “Legal Protection of Minority Rights: Study on the Implementation of Qanun Number 6 of 2014 Concerning the Jinayat Law in Langsa City, Aceh Special Region Province.” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, October 31, 2023, 215–32. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v17i2.7897.

Gunawan, Yordan, and Mohammad Hazyar. “The Climate Change Litigation Based Human Rights Approach in Corporations : Prospects and Challenges.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, no. 2 (2023): 288–307.

Hakim, Hary Abdul, Ming Hsi Sung, Chrisna Bagus Edhita Praja, Mutia Qori Dewi Masithoh, and Salsabila Rahadatul’ Aisy. “The Islamic Law within the ‎Indonesian Legal System ‎(A Case Study of Islamic Sharia Law ‎in Aceh)‎.” TSAQAFAH 17, no. 2 (February 6, 2022). https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v17i2.6213.

Halim, Abdul. “Non-Muslims in the Qanun Jinayat and the Choice of Law in Sharia Courts in Aceh.” Human Rights Review 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 265–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-021-00645-x.

Hanum, Willy Naresta, I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani, and Hilaire Tegnan. “The Geothermal Development Policy on Environmental in Indonesia and the USA.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, no. 2 (May 8, 2023): 160–84. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i2.85.

Helmi, Helmi, and Nyak Fadhlullah. “Positivisation of Islamic Sharia as Local Government Regulations for Minority Citizens as Liyan in Aceh.” Journal of Governance and Social Policy 1, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.24815/gaspol.v1i1.17326.

Hidayati, Tri, and Muhammad Syarif Hidayatullah. “Investigating the Construction of Ijma in The Study of Islamic Law through Sociological and Historical Approach.” Media Syari’ah : Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam Dan Pranata Sosial 23, no. 2 (December 12, 2021). https://doi.org/10.22373/jms.v23i2.10924.

Jaelani, Abdul Kadir. “The Standardization of Halal Tourism Management in West Nusa Tenggara.” Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi Dan Kajian Hukum 20, no. 2 (2022): 74–87. https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v20i2.1720.

Kamaruzaman, Nur Al-farhain, Nur Aina Abdulah, Mashitah Abdul Mutalib, Nurul Ain Hazram, Bandar Baru Nilai, and Negeri Sembilan. “The Prosecution of Islamic Criminal Offences Related to Lgbt in Online Platforms: An Analysis of Syariah Criminal Offences (Selangor) Enactment 1995” 28, no. 3 (2023). https://doi.org/https://doi.org.10.33102/jfatwa.vol.28no3.551.

Kolawole, Tobi Angel, and Helen Ting M. H. “Sharia Politics in Nigeria and Malaysia: Governance, Islamization and Human Rights.” Journal of Politics and Law 15, no. 3 (June 15, 2022): 25. https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v15n3p25.

Kusumaningtyas, Reza Octavia, Rahayu Subekti, Abdul Kadir Jaelani, Asron Orsantinutsakul, and Utkarsh K Mishra. “Reduction of Digitalization Policy in Indonesian MSMEs and Implications for Sharia Economic Development.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 21, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 157. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i2.6855.

Lattanzio, Gabriele. “Beyond Religion and Culture: The Economic Consequences of the Institutionalization of Sharia Law.” Emerging Markets Review 52 (September 2022): 100918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2022.100918.

Liow, Joseph Chinyong. “Malaysia’s Creeping Islamization—and Dimming Prospects for Covenantal Pluralism.” The Review of Faith & International Affairs 19, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2021.1917127.

Marzuki, Suparman. “Politik Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia Tentang Kebebasan Beragama Pasca Orde Baru.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 26, no. 2 (2019): 215–37. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol26.iss2.art1.

McFate, Montgomery. “A Military Anthropologist Looks at Islamic Insurgency in Aceh.” Orbis 62, no. 4 (2018): 632–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2018.08.007.

Meerangani, Khairul Azhar, Muhammad Safwan Harun, and Adam Badhrulhisham. “Kepimpinan Non Muslim Di Malaysia Menurut Perspektif Maqāṣid Al-Sharī’ah.” Jurnal Fiqh 18, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 287–314. https://doi.org/10.22452/fiqh.vol18no2.3.

Mohd Sani, Mohd Azizuddin, and Dian Diana Abdul Hamed Shah. “Freedom of Religious Expression in Malaysia.” Journal of International Studies, 2020, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.32890/jis.7.2011.7916.

Mondesir, Raphael. “A Civic Bridge or a Silo? Islam, Religious Affiliation, and Civic Engagement in Rural Indonesia.” Social Science Research 112 (May 2023): 102876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102876.

Mujib, M. Misbahul, and Mustari Kurniawati Muchlas. Achievements and Challenges of Human Rights Protection Policy in Realizing Good Governance in Indonesia and China. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System. Vol. 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i2.98.

Murti, Fahriza, and Triyanto Triyanto. “Adaptasi Budaya Etnis Tionghoa Di Meulaboh Aceh Barat (Studi : Masyarakat Tionghoa Non Muslim).” Jurnal Community 4, no. 1 (September 11, 2018). https://doi.org/10.35308/jcpds.v4i1.194.

Mustofa, Imam, Muhammad Iqbal Juliansyahzen, and Wildani Hefni. “Hijrah and Changing Religious Preferences in Contemporary Islamic Legal Practice.” Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 23, no. 1 (July 12, 2023): 115–38. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v23i1.115-138.

Nur Aziz, Dian Andi, Al Khanif, Mimin Dwi Hartono, and Ade Angelia Yusniar Marbun. “Examining Qanun in Aceh from a Human Rights Perspective: Status, Substance, and Impact on Vulnerable Groups and Minorities.” Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 23, no. 1 (June 5, 2023): 37–56. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v23i1.37-56.

Razi, Muhammad, and Khairil Azmin Mokhtar. “The Challenges of Shariah Penal Code and Legal Pluralism in Aceh.” Jurnal Media Hukum 27, no. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.20200151.

Riwanto, Agus, and Sukarni Suryaningsih. “Realizing Welfare State and Social Justice: A Perspective on Islamic Law.” Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, June 30, 2022, 41–51. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v5i1.6430.

Rosidah, Zaidah Nur, Lego Karjoko, and Mohd Rizal Palil. “The Government’s Role in InterfaAith Marriage Rights Protection: A Case Study of AdjustmentC and Social Integration.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, no. 2 (2023): 265–87. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i2.105.

Safwadi, Irwan. “The Impact of the Special Autonomy Fund on the Convergence of the Human Development Index in Aceh.” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 179. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v8i1.367.

Saiin, Asrizal, Kholidah Kholidah, Zulfahmi Zulfahmi, Anwar M. Radiamoda, and Kemas Muhammad Gemilang. “The Property Rights Regulation, Semenda Marriage, and Exploring the Determinants in ASEAN Countries.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, no. 2 (2023): 134–59. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i2.68.

Saputra, Rian, Tiara Tiolince, Iswantoro Iswantoro, and Sanju Kumar Sigh. “Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property Protection in Indonesia and Japan.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, no. 2 (May 8, 2023): 210–35. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i2.69.

Setiawan, Deni, Khalida Ulfa, and Titin Purwaningsih. “POOR ACEH: THE IMPACT OF SPECIAL AUTONOMY AS EFFORT POVERTY REDUCTION IN ACEH.” DIA Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.30996/dia.v18i2.3654.

Sodiqin, Ali. “Legal, Moral, and Spiritual Dialectics in the Islamic Restorative Justice System.” AHKAM 21, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v21i2.22675.

Suadi, Amran. “Judicial Authority and the Role of the Religious Courts in the Settlement of Sharia Economic Disputes.” Lex Publica 7, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.7.2.2020.1-14.

Suhardi, Indra. “Perlindungan Keluarga Terpidana Hukuman Cambuk Dalam Qanun Aceh.” Media Syari’ah 21, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 1. https://doi.org/10.22373/jms.v21i1.6047.

Sumardi, Dedy, Ratno Lukito, and Moch Nur Ichwan. “Legal Pluralism within The Space of Sharia: Interlegality of Criminal Law Traditions in Aceh, Indonesia.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 426. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9303.

Swardhana, Gde Made, and Suviwat Jenvitchuwong. “The Participation within Indigenous Land Management: Developments and Challenges of Indigenous Communities Protection.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, no. 2 (June 22, 2023): 308–27. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i1.72.

Thohir, Ajid, Dedi Supriadi, Mulyana, Faizal Arifin, and Muhammad Andi Septiadi. “The Struggle of Freemasonry and Islamic Ideology in the Twentieth Century during Colonialization in Indonesia.” Heliyon 7, no. 10 (October 2021): e08237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08237.

Ulfatun, Fatma, and Dinil Abrar. “The Shaping of Future Sustainable Energy Policy in Management Areas of Indonesia's Energy Transition.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, no. 2 (2023): 361–82.

Walidain, Maura Pemelie, and Laras Astuti. “Implementasi Qanun Jinayat Dalam Penegakan Hukum Pidana Di Aceh.” Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (IJCLC) 2, no. 3 (November 29, 2021): 184–93. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijclc.v2i3.13790.

Wijatmoko, Erlan, Armaidy Armawi, and Teuku Faisal Fathani. “Legal Effectiveness in Promoting Development Policies: A Case Study of North Aceh Indonesia.” Heliyon 9, no. 11 (November 2023): e21280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21280.

Zada, Khamami. “Sharia and Islamic State in Indonesia Constitutional Democracy: An Aceh Experience.” Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 23, no. 1 (May 15, 2023): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v23i1.1-18.

Zada, Khamami, Windy Triana, Nur Hidayah, Ummi Kultsum, and Fathudin. “Muslim Youth Under Sharia Regime in Aceh: From Accommodation to Resistance.” AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 412–33. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v17i2.7262.

Zaid, M, M. Musa, Fadhel Arjuna Adinda, and Lamberton Cait. “The Sanctions on Environmental Performances: An Assessment of Indonesia and Brazilia Practice.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, no. 2 (May 8, 2023): 236–64. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i2.70.