Otentisitas Asuransi Syariah: Perspektif Hukum Islam dan UU No. 40 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perasuransian
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Abstract
Asuransi syariah (takâful) berdasar pada prinsip saling berbagi tanggung jawab. Berbagi tanggung jawab tersebut melalui premi yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing orang. Dalam prinsip hukum Islam, asuransi merupakan konsep saling membantu antara satu orang dengan yang lainnya tanpa ghurûr dan maysir. Prinsip berbagi tanggung jawab dalam asuransi syariah merupakan tolong menolong dengan dasar-dasar sistem sebagaimana telah ditentukan dalam al-Qur’an dan hadits. Asuransi syariah di Indonesia diatur bersama-sama asuransi konvensional dalam Undang-undang No. 40 Tahun 2014 tentang perasuransian. Kondisi perundang-undangan tentang asuransi syariah yang diintegrasikan dengan asuransi konvensional merupakan kondisi yang tidak ideal mengingat perbedaan-perbedaan prinsipil di antara keduanya. Penerapan asuransi syariah (takâful) tidak semata-mata membutuhkan payung hukum tetapi juga aturan yang jelas dan khas. Selain membahas kedudukan asuransi syariah dalam Undang-undang No. 40 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perasuransian, kajian ini juga membahas asuransi dalam persepktif hukum Islam.
(Sharia insurance (takâful) is based on the principle of sharing responsibility. It is done through premiums owned by each party. In the Islamic law principle, insurance constitutes the concept of mutual help between one person and another without ghurûr (deceiving) and maysir (gambling). The principle of sharing responsibility in the sharia insurance is helping each other on the basis of a system as defined in the Qur'an and hadith. Sharia insurance in Indonesia as well as conventional insurance are regulated in Law No. 40/2014 on insurance. The legislation of sharia insurance which is integrated with conventional insurance can be seen as a condition that is not ideal considering the principal differences between the two. The Implementation of sharia insurance (takâful) does not merely require a legal footing but also clear and specific rules. In addition to discussing the status of takâful in the Law No. 40/2014 on insurance, this paper also discusses the insurance in the perspective of Islamic law)
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