Hak Perempuan dalam Memilih Suami (Telaah Hadis Ijbâr Wali)
Abstract
Kasus perjodohan oleh orang tua terhadap anak perempuannya masih dijumpai di dalam masyarakat muslim Indonesia. Tak jarang, praktek nikah paksa yang dilakukan oleh oknum orang tua justru berakhir dengan penyiksaan dhahir maupun batin kepada anak perempuan. Tulisan ini membahas apakah memilih calon suami merupakan hak perempuan secara mutlak ataukah ada campur tangan dari orang tua? Kebebasan memilih pasangan hidup bagi seorang perempuan sebenarnya telah dijamin oleh Syara’. Para pelaku praktek nikah paksa biasanya menggunakan hadis: “Perawan, bapaknya yang menikahkannya.” sebagai upaya untuk membenarkan tindakannya. Namun ternyata hadis tersebut termasuk dalam kategori hadis syâdz yang tertolak, karena bertentangan dengan riwayat-riwayat sahih yang memberikan kebebasan mutlak bagi perempuan untuk memilih suaminya. Seorang perempuan yang tidak mematuhi perintah orang tuanya untuk dinikahkan dengan laki-laki yang tidak dicintainya sama sekali bukan perempuan yang durhaka, karena pada dasarnya bakti kepada orang tua didasari dengan cinta dan kasih sayang, bukan keterpaksaan. (The cases of matchmaking by parents to their daughters are still found in Indonesian Muslim societies. Frequently, the practice of forced marriages committed by unscrupulous parents ended up in physical and psychological tortures experienced by women. This paper discusses whether choosing a spouse is the absolute right of women or there should be any interferences by parents. The freedom of choosing a spouse for a woman has actually been guaranteed by Syaria. The perpetrators of forced marriage practice usually use the hadith: " for the virgin, it is her father who marries her to a man " in an attempt to justify their actions. However, the hadith belongs to the category of a syâdz hadith which is rejected as it contradicts the valid narrations which give women the absolute freedom to choose their husbands. A woman who does not obey her parents' orders to marry a man she does not love is not a disobedient woman since, basically, her devotion to her parents should be based on love and affection, not compulsion)
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