Gambut Muslim Community and Their Environmental Conservation; Intertwin among Fiqh,  Economy, and Policy Factors

Sukarni Sukarni

doi:10.19105/al-lhkam.v19i2.14311

Sukarni Sukarni UIN Antasari Banjarmasin

https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v19i2.14311

Abstract views: 96 ,

PDF downloads: 84

Abstract

Islamic eco-theology doctrines encourage believers to care for the environment and forbids destructive actions that could harm or degrade the environmental condition. However, in recent years, many paddy fields and peatlands in Banjar Regency, which should have been preserved for environmental restoration, have been transformed into residential areas. Therefore, this research aims to explore factors influencing the conversion in the Gambut Subdistrict, Banjar Regency, ranging from a religious perspective or fiqh, the economic situation of local people, and relevant regulation enforcement. The research is a field study with a mixed-method approach. Data collection involved 120 respondents residing in the Gambut Subdistrict. Additionally, interviews were conducted with community leaders, organizational representatives, and local government officials. Using a multiple regression approach, the study found that since 2000, 55 new residential complexes have been constructed in the region. The research findings reveal that although economic factors have a minimal impact on environmental conservation variables, fiqh perspectives, and policy variables do affect significantly. These three factors, namely fiqh perspectives, economic factors, and policies collectively exert a significant influence on environmental conservation. Qualitatively, the primary cause of the conversion of paddy fields and peatlands into residential areas is the lack of environmental fiqh literacy. This deficiency has resulted in low awareness of the importance of preserving paddy fields and peatlands as environmental support areas, leaving them vulnerable to encroachment by capital owners eager to develop residential areas. Furthermore, weak oversight by authorities and policymakers has exacerbated this situation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdillah, Mujiyono. Fikih Lingkungan. Yogyakarta: Unit Penerbit dan Percetakan Akademi Manajemen Perusahaan YKPN, 2005.

———. Teologi Lingkungan Islam. Jakarta: PPS UIN Syahid Jakarta, 2001.

Al-Qardhawi, Yusuf. Ri‘āyat Al-Bī‘ah Fī Syarī‘at Al-Islām. Qahirah: Dar asy- Syuruq, 2001.

Ananda, Roki, and Zainuddin Zainuddin. “Integrasi Fikih, Sosial dan Pelestarian Lingkungan (Studi Tentang Kepemilikan Lubuk Larangan Koto Baru Solok).” JISRAH: Jurnal Integrasi Ilmu Syariah 4, no. 2 (2023): 185–95. https://doi.org/10.31958/jisrah.v4i2.10148.

Andriani, Siska. “Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian Menjadi Perumahan (Studi di Desa Gambut Barat Kecamatan Gambut Kabupaten Banjar).” Universitas Lampung Mangkurat, 2019. https://repo-mhs.ulm.ac.id//handle/123456789/27902.

Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Banjar. Kecamatan Gambut dalam Angka 2018. BPS Kabupaten Banjar. Banjar: BPS Kabupaten Banjar, 2018.

———. Kecamatan Gambut dalam Angka 2022. BPS Kabupaten Banjar. Banjar: BPS Kabupaten Banjar, 2022.

———. Kecamatan Gambut dalam Angka 2023. Banjar: BPS Kabupaten Banjar, 2023.

Digdowiseiso, Kumba. Metodologi Penelitian Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Jakarta: LPU-UNAS, 2017.

Erfrissadona, Yolanda, Lies Sulistyowati, and Iwan Setiawan. “Valuasi Ekonomi Lingkungan Akibat Alih Fungsi (Suatu Kasus di Kota Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat).” JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics) 13, no. 1 (2020): 1. https://doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v13i1.15784.

Ghufron, Muhammad. “Fikih Lingkungan.” Al-Ulum: Jurnal Studi Islam 10, no. 1 (2010): 159–76. https://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/au/article/view/17.

Handoko, Wuri, Asep Saefullah, and Ali Akbar. “Islamic Contextualization on the Periphery of the Indonesian Sultanates: An Exploration of Ancient Islamic Manuscript in Maluku Island.” Journal of Indonesia Islam 18, no. 02 (2024): 319–48. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2024.18.2.319-348.

Hartati, Hartati. “Peran Serta Masyarakat dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Lingkungan Daerah Aliran Sungai Batanghari di Desa Sungai Duren.” Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 18, no. 1 (2018): 13–28. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v18i1.132.

Hasan, Ahmadi. Adat Badamai: Interaksi Hukum Islam dan Hukum Adat pada Masyarakat Banjar. Banjarmasin: Antasari Press, 2007.

———. “Adat Badamai Menurut Undang-Undang Sultan Adam dan Implementasinya pada Masyarakat Banjar pada Masa Mendatang.” Al-Banjari : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 11, no. 1 (2015): 15–38. https://doi.org/10.18592/al-banjari.v11i1.414.

Irwansyah. “Research-Based Environmental Law: The Debate between Ecology versus Development.” Sriwijaya Law Review 1, no. 1 (2017): 35–52. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol1.Iss1.8.pp044-066.

Jamalie, Zulfa. “Sultan Adam Al-Watsiq Billah dan Sejarah Penerapan Islam di Tanah Banjar.” Al-Jami : Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan, Pendidikan, Dan Dakwah 8, no. 15 (2012): 121–32. https://doi.org/https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/13942/.

Jenkins, Willis. “Islamic Law and Environmental Ethics: How Jurisprudence (Usul Al-Fiqh) Mobilizes Practical Reform.” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853505774841641.

Latif, Muhaemin, Darmawati Hanafi, Rahmi Damis, and Abdi Goncing. “Environmental Theology and Its Relevance to Islamic Law: Perception of Makassar Muslim Scholars, Indonesia.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 7, no. 3 (2023): 1734–56. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.18905.

Liu, Xiaolian, Shuangao Wang, Yuhong Li, Shamsher Ali, Yousaf Ali Khan, Sultan Salem, and Xiaobing Huang. “Recycling in Textile Sector: A New Circular Economy Approach Towards Ecology and Environmental Sustainability.” Frontiers in Environmental Science 10, no. 929710 (2022): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.929710.

Matthew, B.M., Michael Huberman, and Johnny Saldana. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication, 2014.

Muhlis, Adriani, Faris Ade Irawan, and Fitriansyah Ramadhan. “Penilaian Perubahan Lahan Sawah di Kecamatan Gambut Kabupaten Banjar Antara Tahun 2010 dengan Tahun 2015.” Jurnal Intekna: Informasi Teknik Dan Niaga 16, no. 2 (2016): 143–49. https://ejurnal.poliban.ac.id/index.php/intekna/article/view/357.

Norhalimah, Norhalimah, Muhammad Ruslan, and Suyanto Suyanto. “Analisis Tinggi Muka Air Tanah dan Pemetaannya di Lahan Gambut Kawasan Hutan Lindung Liang Anggang Kalimantan Selatan.” Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 4, no. 4 (2021): 751. https://doi.org/10.20527/jss.v4i4.3953.

Quddus, Abdul, Lalu Muhammad Ariadi, Sigit Wahyudi, Nurmaidah, and Ika Juhriati. “Environmental Theology and Worship Teaching of Lombok Wetu Telu Old Manuscripts.” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial 19, no. 1 (2024): 249–70. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v19i1.10909.

Rahmini, Noor, and Yunita Sopiana. “Dampak Ekonomi Karhutla di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan ( Telaah Kualitatif pada Kebakaran Lahan di Kecamatan Gambut Kalimantan Selatan).” Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lingkungan Lahan Basah 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–4. https://snllb.ulm.ac.id/prosiding/index.php/snllb-lit/article/view/525/533.

Repetto, Robert. “Economic Policy Reform for Natural Resource Conservation.” Word Bank Group 1, no. 4 (1988): 1–49. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/219911493305630961/Economic-policy-reform-for-natural-resource-conservation.

Ridwan Nurdin, and Muhammad Ridwansyah. “Aceh, Qanun and National Law: Study on Legal Development Orientation.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 4, no. 1 (2020): 108–31. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v4i1.6416.

Ridwansyah, Muhammad. “Degresasi Fikih Lingkungan dalam Qanun Aceh.” In Konferensi Integrasi Interkoneksi Islam dan Sains, 4:418–24, 2022. https://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/saintek/kiiis/article/view/3259.

Rijali, Ahmad. “Analisis Data Kualitatif.” Alhadharah: Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah 17, no. 33 (2019): 81–95. https://doi.org/10.18592/alhadharah.v17i33.2374.

Salman, Abdul Matin Bin, and Eko Asmanto. “Islamic Environmental Stewardship: A Sociological Approach to Hadith and Legal Frameworks for Ecological Responsibility.” Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi 7, no. 2 (2024): 361–78. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v7i2.12205.

Setyawan, David. “Implementasi Kebijakan Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Terhadap Alih Fungsinya yang Terjadi di Kecamatan Gambut (Studi pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Penataan Ruang Dan Pertanahan Kabupaten Banjar).” Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, 2023. https://digilib.ulm.ac.id/archive/digital/detailed.php?code=26445.

Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: PT. Alfabet, 2016.

———. Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Research Methods. Alfabeta CV, 2013.

Sukarni. “Kitab Fikih Ulama Banjar: Kesinambungan dan Perubahan Kajian Konsep Fikih Lingkungan.” Analisis: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 15, no. 2 (2015): 433–172. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ajsk.v15i2.731.

Sukarni, and Hafini Bin Mahmud. “Development and Concept of Environmental Fiqh in the Works of Banjar Scholars: Historical and Thought Analysis.” Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran 24, no. 1 (2024): 172–88. https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v24i1.12906.

Suwardi Sagama. “Analisis Konsep Keadilan, Kepastian Hukum dan Kemanfaatan dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan.” Mazahib 15, no. 1 (2016): 20–41. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/mj.v15i1.590.

Syaukani, Muhammad bin ‘Ali bin Muhammad asy-. Nayl Al-Awṭār Min Aḥādīṡ: Sayyid Al-Akhyār Syarḥ Muntaqā Al-Akhbār Jilid III Juz V. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 1995.

Wahdah, W, H Hanafiah, and S Sukarni. “Fikih Lokalitas: Dimensi Teologis dan Sufistik dalam Kajian Fikih Masyarakat Banjar.” Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research 3, no. 1 (2023): 4918–30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v24i1.12906.

Yusuf, Abu. Kitāb Al-Kharāj. Beirut: Dar al-Ma’rifah, 1979.

Zainuddin, Faiz. “Fikih Lingkungan Hidup: Upaya Pelestarian Lingkungan dalam Islam.” Al-Hukmi: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syari’ah dan Keluarga Islam 4, no. 2 (2023): 20–37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35316/alhukmi.v4i2.3900.