EVOLUSI SYARÎ'AH (Mencabar Ikhtiyar An-Na’im menuju Rekonsiliasi Syarî'ah dan HAM)
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Abstract
Perjumpaan antara dunia Muslim dan peradaban sejak abad ke-19 M membawa implikasi berupa ketersisihan hukum Islâm (syarî'ah) dari posisi sentralnya. Ketika dunia Muslim secara politis terlepas dari hegemoni Barat, persoalan yang muncul adalah bagaimana menformulasikan syarî'ah agar kompatibel dengan standar HAM universal. Dalam konteks inilah, An-Na'im menawarkan gagasan evolusi syarî'ah, sebuah upaya untuk merekonsiliasi ketegangan antara syarî'ah dan HAM universal. Dalam proyek ini, An-Na'im mula-mula membedakan secara kategoris antara syarî'ah historis (Madânîyah) dan syarî'ah moderen(Makkîyah). Menurutnya, syarî'ah historis sudah tidak relevan lagi untuk menjawab berbagai persoalan kontemporer. Karenanya, melalui teori naskh, ia harus ditangguhkan pemberlakuannya dan diganti dengan syarî'ah moderen yang dinilai dapat memenuhi kebutuhan kontemporer sesuai dengan standar HAM universal.
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