KEBERHASILAN RU`YAT AL- HILÂL (Problematika antara Egoisme Fiqh dan Keberpihakan Ilmu Astronomi)
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Abstract
Keberhasilan ru`yat al-hilâl pada awal Syawwâl 1427 H di Pantai Gebang Bangkalan merupakan fenomena baru yang mengundang polemik dan sangat kontroversial. Kontroversi ini terjadi karena sebagian ilmu hisâb menganggapnya mungkin dilihat (imkân al-ru`yah), sementara sebagian yang lain tidak memungkinkannya (ghayr imkân al-ru`yah), apalagi tidak dilengkapi data-data akurat secara astronomis. Bagaimanakah fiqh memandangnya dan ilmu astronomis menganalisisnya? Tulisan ini akan mengelaborasi keberhasilan ru`yat al-hilâl tersebut menurut perspektif keduanya. Dalam perspektif fiqh, keberhasilan ru`yat al-hilâl dapat diterima selama perukyat bersedia disumpah. Sedangkan dalam perspektif ilmu astronomi, fenomena alam, terutama posisi dan gerakan benda-benda langit, dapat diukur dan dianalisis dengan derajat kecermatan yang memuaskan. Karenanya, ilmu ini dapat dijadikan sebagai pedoman dalam penentuan awal bulan Qamariyah. Polemik antara keduanya akan terus berlangsung selama tidak ada "kearifan" dari keduanya menuju penyatuan.
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