MENJADI WAKIL TUHAN (Memahami Pemikiran Khalid M. Abou El Fadl tentang Konsep Otoritas Penafsir Pesan Tuhan)
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Abstract
hukum Islam, menurut Khaled M. Abou El Fadl. Sistematika
yang digunakan olehnya dalam menuangkan gagasannya
tersebut adalah pertama-tama menjelaskan latar belakang
munculnya krisis otoritas. Kemudian dia menjelaskan konsep
otoritas secara umum dengan mengadopsi pemikiran
Friedman yang membedakan otoritas persuasif dari otoritas
yang bersifat koersif. Melalui pembahasan yang sangat
sistematis-analitis, kemudian dia menawarkan konsep
otoritas dalam Islam yang harus memenuhi lima kriteria yang
menurutnya harus dipenuhi oleh seorang pemegang otoritas,
yakni para ahli hukum, agar produk hukum yang
dihasilkannya mendapat legitimasi kuat dan berlaku
universal. Kelima prasyarat tersebut adalah kejujuran
(honesty), kesungguhan (diligence), menyeluruh
(comprehensiveness), rasionalitas (reasonableness), dan
pengendalian diri (self restraint). Dengan konsep otoritas yang
dia tawarkan, dia ingin menggugat kemapanan ilmu dan
tradisi hukum Islam yang menurutnya telah “menempati”
dan “melampaui” otoritas Tuhan. Orang-orang yang
mendeklarasikan dirinya sebagai para wakil Tuhan
dipandang olehnya sebagai sikap otoritarianisme.
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