PEMIKIRAN IBN HAZM TENTANG KEBERADAAN WALI NIKAH DALAM PERKAWINAN JANDA
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Abstract
Begitu pentingnya keberadaan wali nikah, kajian membahas
tentang keberadaan wali dalam suatu perkawinan yang
dilakukan oleh janda (tsayyib), dalam perspektif Ibn Hazm.
Kajian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis artinya hasil penelitian
ini berusaha memberikan gambaran secara menyeluruh,
mendalam tentang suatu keadaan atau gejala yang diteliti,
yaitu berusaha memaparkan data secara obyektif tentang
wali nikah bagi janda menurut pemikiran Ibn Hazm
kemudian menganalisanya. Penelitian ini merupakan
penelitian pustaka (library research) dengan menggunakan
pendekatan sejarah sosial dan pendekatan ushul fiqh. Dalam
menganalisis data penyusun menggunakan metode analisis
isi (content analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
dalam hal wali nikah Ibn Hazm sependapat dengan jumhûr
ulamâ’, kecuali Abû Hanîfah, yang tidak membolehkan
perempuan mewalikan dirinya sendiri, tetapi harus
menyerahkannya kepada walinya, yakni dari keturunan
laki-laki (ashabah). Jika tidak diizinkan, maka yang
menikahkan adalah sulthân. Ibn Hazm tidak membedakan
antara gadis dan janda dalam hal kewajiban meminta izin
wali dalam suatu pernikahan, bahwa jika ingin menikah,
gadis atau janda harus dengan izin walinya.
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