The Urgency of Restorative Justice on Medical Dispute Resolution in Indonesia

Lego Karjoko; I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani; Abdul Kadir Jaelani; Jaco Barkhuizen; Muhammad Jihadul Hayat

doi:10.19105/al-lhkam.v16i2.5314

Lego Karjoko Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Abdul Kadir Jaelani Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Jaco Barkhuizen Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice University of Limpopo
Muhammad Jihadul Hayat Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v16i2.5314

Abstract views: 1132 ,

PDF downloads: 621

Keywords: Medical Disputes; Restorative Justice; and Health Law.

Abstract

Medical disputes in Indonesia are regulated by a host of laws. However, the important question that needs to be asked is whether the laws have guaranteed justice for patients and doctors. This normative legal study aims to analyze the urgency of restorative justice in medical disputes. It examines secondary data which is collected through a literature study. The study focuses on legal principles with a doctrinal approach. It concludes that restorative justice is urgent to use in medical disputes for both criminal and civil cases. This is evident in the will of the Health Law which prioritizes mediation as the first mechanism before being brought to trial. Furthermore, the use of restorative justice in medical dispute resolution is driven by the presence of three conditions: First is structural challenges among law enforcers and their limited capabilities in dealing with complex medical cases; Second is the condition of Indonesian correctional institutions which is overburdened and unable to provide maximum output, and the third is the relatively low number of Indonesian health workers. (Sengketa Medis di Indonesia telah diatur dalam beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan. Namun, pertanyaan penting yang perlu diajukan yaitu apakah peraturan yang ada telah menjamin kedilan bagi pasien dan dokter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis urgensi prinsip keadilan restoratif dalam penyelesaian sengketa medis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang mengkaji data sekunder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi pustaka (library research), yaitu kegiatan pengumpulan data yang berasal dari berbagai literatur. Penelitian ini fokus pada asas-asas hukum dengan pendekatan dokrinal. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa prinsip keadilan restoratif penting diterapkan dalam kasus medis, pidana, maupun perdata. Ini misalnya dapat dilihat dari i’tikad baik dalam Hukum Kesehatan yang mempriorotaskan mediasi sebagai mekanisme pertama sebelum dibawa ke pengadilan. Dalam konteks sengketa medis, prinsip keadilan restoratif menjadi urgen untuk diterapkan sedikitnya karena tiga hal; pertama adalah tantangan struktural di kalangan para penegak hukum serta kemampuan mereka yang terbatas dalam menghadapi kasus medis yang biasanya kompleks. Kedua, kondisi lembaga pemasyarakatan Indonesia yang over kapastias sehingga tidak mampu memberikan output yang maksimal; dan ketiga adalah jumlah tenaga kesehatan di Indonesia yang relatif rendah.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

al-Ashfahani, Al-Rãghib, ‘Al-Mufradãt Fĩ Gharĩb Al-Qur‟ An’ (Beirut: Beirut: Dar al-Ma’rifah),q` p. 284

Al-Aynayni, Abu Muhammad Mahmud Ibn, ‘Ahmad. Al-Bidãyah Fi Syarh Al-Hidãyah Vol-9’ (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, t. th), p. 3

Al-Qurtubi, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin, and Ahmad bin Abu Bakr Al-Ansari, ‘Al-Jami’li Ahkam Al-Qur’an’ (Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah, 2003), 323

Balch, Charles M., Michael R. Oreskovich, Lotte N. Dyrbye, Joseph M. Colaiano, Daniel V. Satele, Jeff A. Sloan, and others, ‘Personal Consequences of Malpractice Lawsuits on American Surgeons’, Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 213.5 (2011), 657–67 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.08.005>

Cheluvappa, Rajkumar, and Selwyn Selvendran, ‘Medical Negligence - Key Cases and Application of Legislation’, Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 57 (2020), 205–11 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.07.017>

Clamp, Kerry, Restorative Justice in Transition, Restorative Justice in Transition (Routledge, 2013) <https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203715192>

Dartanto, Teguh, Wahyu Pramono, Alvin Ulido Lumbanraja, Chairina Hanum Siregar, Hamdan Bintara, Nia Kurnia Sholihah, and others, ‘Enrolment of Informal Sector Workers in the National Health Insurance System in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study’, Heliyon, 6.11 (2020), e05316 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05316>

Decker, Michele R., Charvonne N. Holliday, Zaynab Hameeduddin, Roma Shah, Janice Miller, Joyce Dantzler, and others, ‘Defining Justice: Restorative and Retributive Justice Goals Among Intimate Partner Violence Survivors’, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2020, 0886260520943728 <https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520943728>

Deri, Mulyadi, ‘Penyelesaian Kasus Kelalaian Medik Melalui Litigasi Dan Non Litigasi Di Indonesia’ (Padang: Universitas Andalas, 2019)

Díaz Crescitelli, Matías Eduardo, Mark Hayter, Giovanna Artioli, Leopoldo Sarli, and Luca Ghirotto, ‘Relational Dynamics Involved in Therapeutic Discordance among Prescribers and Patients: A Grounded Theory Study’, Patient Education and Counseling, 2021 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2021.05.041>

Dickens, B. M., ‘Patients’ Rights’, in Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics, ed. by Ruth B T - Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics (Second Edition) Chadwick (San Diego: Academic Press, 2012), pp. 370–79 <https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373932-2.00160-5>

Flynn, M., ‘Medical Malpractice - Medicolegal Perspectives: Negligence, Standard of Care’, in Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine: Second Edition, ed. by Jason Payne-James and Roger W B T - Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine (Second Edition) Byard (Oxford: Elsevier, 2015), pp. 365–69 <https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800034-2.00284-6>

Grewal, Gagan, Teja Polisetty, Andrew Boltuch, and Jonathan C. Levy, ‘Does Knowledge of Medical Risk Influence Patient Decision for Same Day Discharge Following Primary Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Randomized Control Trial’, Seminars in Arthroplasty JSES, 31.2 (2021), 353–59 <https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sart.2021.02.008>

Handayani, I.G.A.K. Rachmi, Lego Karjoko, and Abdul Kadir Jaelani, ‘Model Pelaksanaan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Yang Eksekutabilitas Dalam Pengujian Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia’, Bestuur, 7.1 (2019), 36–46 <https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/bestuur/article/view/42700>

Herlianto, S, ‘Mediasi Penal Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Perkara Malpraktik Kedokteran’ (Semarang: Faculty of Law, Diponegoro University, 2015)

Hidayah, Nur Putri, Quincy R Cloet, and David Pradhan, ‘The Implementation of Labor Development Principles According to Job Creation Law as a Reason to Protect Wages Rights’, BESTUUR, 9.1 (2021), 94–105

Irfan, Mohammad, ‘Mediation as A Choice of Medical Dispute Settlements in Positive Law of Indonesia’, Sociological Jurisprudence Journal, 2.2 (2019), 116–21

Iswanty, Murji, Abdul Razak, Slamet Sampurno, and Hamzah Halim, ‘Maladministration as Doctor Medical Malpractice: A Health Law Perspective in Indonesia’, JL Pol’y & Globalization, 67 (2017), 167

Karjoko, Lego, Zaidah Nur Rosidah, and I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rahmi Handayani, ‘Refleksi Paradigma Ilmu Pengetahuan Bagi Pembangunan Hukum Pengadaan Tanah’, Bestuur, 7.2 (2020), 1 <https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v7i1.42694>

Kathir, Ibn, ‘Tafsir Al-Quran Al Adhim Vol 2’ (Beiru: Dar El-Fikr, 1999), p. 296

Kawalek, Anna, ‘A Tool for Measuring Therapeutic Jurisprudence Values during Empirical Research’, International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 71 (2020), 101581 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101581>

Khodapanahandeh, Solmaz, and Siti Naaishah Hambali, ‘Efficiency of Using “ Alternative Dispute Resolution ” Method in Medical Negligence Claims’, Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 8.October (2014), 1–5

Kuo, Shih Ya, Dennis Longmire, and Steven J. Cuvelier, ‘An Empirical Assessment of the Process of Restorative Justice’, Journal of Criminal Justice, 38.3 (2010), 318–28 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.03.006>

Laksono, Agung Dwi, Ilham Akhsanu Ridlo, and Ernawaty Ernawaty, ‘Distribution Analysis of Doctors in Indonesia’, Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia, 8.1 (2020), 29 <https://doi.org/10.20473/jaki.v8i1.2020.29-39>

Li, Yuan, Dong Gao, Weibo Liang, Lirong Qiu, Xin Liu, Lin Zhang, and others, ‘A Comparison of Malpractice Lawsuits Mediated and Judged in Court in China’, Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 54 (2018), 109–13 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2018.01.002>

Lintang, Loresta Cahyaning, Adriano Martufi, and J W Ouwerker, ‘The Alternative Concepts of Blasphemy Law in Indonesia: Legal Comparison with Ireland and Canada’, BESTUUR, 9.1 (2021), 17–33

Manzūr, Ibn, ‘Lisãn Al-’arab, Vol. 3-4’ (Mesir: al-Dãr al-Mishriyyah Lita‟lĩf wa al-Tarjamah), p. 348

Meliala, Andreasta, Krishna Hort, and Laksono Trisnantoro, ‘Addressing the Unequal Geographic Distribution of Specialist Doctors in Indonesia: The Role of the Private Sector and Effectiveness of Current Regulations’, Social Science and Medicine, 82 (2013), 30–34 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.01.029>

Mulyadi, Deri, Elwi Danil, Wila Chandrawila, and Kurnia Warman, ‘Medical Negligence Dispute Settlement in Indonesia’, Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 14.4 (2020), 4229–33 <https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12304>

Van Ness, Daniel W., and Karen Heetderks Strong, ‘2 – A Brief History of Restorative Justice: The Development of a New Pattern of Thinking’, in Restoring Justice, ed. by Daniel W Van Ness and Karen Heetderks B T - Restoring Justice (Fifth Edition) Strong (Boston: Anderson Publishing, Ltd., 2015), pp. 23–41 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-3139-8.00002-9>

Van Ness, Daniel W, and Karen Heetderks Strong, ‘3 - Restorative Justice: Justice That Promotes Healing BT - Restoring Justice (Fifth Edition)’, ed. by Daniel W Van Ness and Karen Heetderks B T - Restoring Justice (Fifth Edition) Strong (Boston: Anderson Publishing, Ltd., 2015), pp. 43–60 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-3139-8.00003-0>

Noor, Hendry Julian, Kardiansyah Afkar, Henning Glaser, and Universitas Gadjah Mada, ‘Application of Sanctions Against State Administrative Officials Failing to Implement Administrative Court Decisions’, Bestuur, 9.1 (2021), 73–93

Novianto, Widodo Tresno, Alternatif Model Penyelesaian Sengketa Medik Di Luar Pengadilan Melalui Lembaga Penyelesaian Sengketa Medik Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan (Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University Press, 2014)

Novikasari, Siti Rahma, Duc Quang Ly, and Kerry Gershaneck, ‘Taxing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Yogyakarta: Regulation and Compliance’, Bestuur, 9.1 (2021)

Pakpahan, Kartina, O K Isnainul, and Emir Syarif Fatahillah Pakpahan, ‘Mediation As An Alternative For Medical Dispute Resolution Between Doctors And Patients In Approval Of Medical/Medical Actions’, South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 24.3 (2021), 173–86

Presser, Lois, and Patricia Van Voorhis, ‘Values and Evaluation: Assessing Processes and Outcomes of Restorative Justice Programs’, Crime and Delinquency, 48.1 (2002), 162–88 <https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128702048001007>

Putri, Wulandari Berliani, Vita Widyasari, Juliet Musabula, and Muhammad Jihadul Hayat, ‘Medicolegal Perspective on Physician-Induced Demand Issue’, BESTUUR, 9.1 (2021), 106–24

Rahardjo, Satjipto, Hukum Dan Perubahan Sosial Suatu Tinjauan Teoritis Serta Pengalaman-Pengalaman Di Indonesia, Yogyakarta: Genta Publishing (Genta Publishing, 2009)

Rosidah, Zaidah Nur, ‘Coherence of the Rules of Sharia Against Pancasila’, Bestuur, 8.1 (2020), 40 <https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v8i1.42723>

Saidah Fasihah Binti Che Yussoff, and Rohaida Nordin, ‘Freedom of Expression in Malaysia: Compatibility with the International Human Rights Standard Saidah’, Bestuur, 9.1 (2021), 44–59

Shadily, Hassan, Ensiklopedi Indonesia (Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru-Van Hoeve, 1980)

Shewan, Garry, ‘A Business Case for Restorative Justice’, London: Restorative Justice Council. Http://Www. Restorativejustice. Org. Uk/Resource/The_ Business_case_for_restorative_justice_and_policing, 2010, 1–15

Shurtz, Ity, ‘The Impact of Medical Errors on Physician Behavior: Evidence from Malpractice Litigation’, Journal of Health Economics, 32.2 (2013), 331–40 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2012.11.011>

Susila, Muh Endriyo, ‘Implementing Dispute Resolution Mechanisms for RESOL Ving Medical Malpractice Cases in Indonesia: Problems and Prospects’ (Kuala Lumpur: Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Law, International Islamic …, 2020)

Syaufi, Ahmad, Diana Haiti, and Mursidah, ‘Application of Restorative Justice Values in Settling Medical Malpractice Cases’, International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10.7 (2021), 103–10 <https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.14>

Tamanaha, Brian Z., ‘Legal Positivism’, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition, ed. by James D B T - International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition) Wright (Oxford: Elsevier, 2015), pp. 762–66 <https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.86074-2>

Triwanto, Triwanto, and Esti Aryani, ‘The Urgency of Granting Authority to Assess Corruption Justice Collaborators’, Bestuur, 8.1 (2020), 60 <https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v8i1.42720>

Voll, John O, ‘Renewal and Reform in Islamic History: Tajdid and Islah’, in Voices of Resurgent Islam, ed. by John L. Esposito (New York: Oxford University Press New York, 1983), pp. 32–47

Yuniza, Mailinda Eka, ‘Arah Kebijakan Pengaturan Bidang Kesehatan Pada Era Otonomi Luas’ (Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2016)

Yusriando, Yusriando, ‘Konstruksi Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional Bidang Kesehatan’, Bestuur, 7.2 (2019), 122 <https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v7i2.41538>