Postgender Fiqh: The Views of MUI’s and KUPI’s Ulema on Postgenderism from Maqāṣid Sharī’ah Perspective
![](https://i.ibb.co/4sq7yLG/ico2.png)
![](https://i.ibb.co/8zQW6X2/ico3.png)
Abstract
This study aims to formulate the paradigm of fiqh (Islamic law) in predicting various impacts of postgenderism by exploring postgender preferences according to MUI (Indonesian Council of Ulema) and KUPI (Indonesian Women Ulema Congress) scholars. This qualitative research begins with examining the perceptions of ulema (Muslim scholars) of both organizations regarding postgenderism. Primary data about perceptions and preferences on postgenderism were explored through in-depth interviews with four ulema, two from each organization. Secondary data were obtained through literature exploration from primary books and articles on postgender. Data analysis techniques employed spiral analysis equipped with content, comparative, and critical analysis. The findings show that: 1) based on maqāṣid sharī'ah (Islamic laws’ objectives), the ulema view that postgender ideologies and movement threaten human existence and risk the establishment of ḥifẓ al-dīn, ḥifẓ al-nasl and ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ (preserving one’s religion, offspring, and dignity respectively) and 2) postgenderism is considered as an ideology that allegedly violates sunnatullah (God’s laws) and threatens human existence and humanity. Therefore, every activity, facility, infrastructure, and opportunity born from it that threatens the existence of humanity must be avoided as much as possible. One of the preventive paradigms against postgenderism is formulated through uṣūl fiqh iftirāḍi (preventive Islamic law’s fundament) method as an anticipatory ijtihād (intellectual exercise) towards its various possible harms.
Downloads
References
Agrillo, Christian & Cristian Nelini. “Childfree by Choice: A Review.” Journal of Cultural Geography 25, no. 3 (2008): 347–63.
Ali, Abdullah Yusuf. The Meaning of the Holy Quran. Bestville-VA: Amana Publications, 2008.
Ali, Sayful Islam. Keputusan Bebas Anak (Childfree) Perspektif Maqasid Syari’ah Jamaluddin Athiyyah: Studi Kasus Penganut Childfree Victoria Tunggono. Malang: Diss. UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, 2023.
Anshor, Ahmad Muhtadi & Muhammad Ngizzul Muttaqin. “The Implementation of Gender-Responsive Fiqh: A Study of Model Application of Women-Friendly and Child Care Village in Post-Covid-19 Pandemic.” Justicia Islamica: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial 19, no. 1 (2022).
Baharuddin, Baharuddin. “Bentuk-Bentuk Perubahan Sosial dan Kebudayaan.” Al-Hikmah 9, no. 2 (2015): 180–205. https://doi.org/10.24260/al-hikmah.v9i2.323.
Blackstone, Amy & Mahala Dyer Stewart. “Choosing to Be Childfree: Research on the Decision Not to Parent.” Sociology Compass 6, no. 9 (2012): 718–27.
Davis, Nickolas B. & Stephen T. Yeung. “Transgender Equity in the Workplace: A Systematic Review.” SAGE Open, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221082.
Durocher, Keri & Claudia Susana Caxaj. “Gender Binaries in Nursing: A Critical Shift to Postgenderism.” Nursing for Women’s Health 26, no. 4 (2022).
Dvorsky, George, and James Hughes. “Postgenderism : Beyond the Gender Binary.” Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, no. March (2008): 1–18.
———. & James Hughes. “Postgenderism: Beyond the Gender Binary.” IEET Monograph Series, no. 3 (2008): 1–18.
Editorial Team. “Komunitas LGBT Di Makassar Nekat Gelar Kegiatan Berkedok Panggung Seni, Pemkot Tolak Beri Izin.” Palu.Tribunnews.Com, May 27, 2022.
———. “Sejarah Dan Latar Belakang KUPI.” Kupi.or.ud, 13 November, 2022.
Farida, Umma, and Abdurrohman Kasdi. “The 2017 KUPI Congress and Indonesian Female ‘Ulama.’” Journal of Indonesian Islam, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2018.12.2.135-158.
Freebase. “Postgenderism.” Definitions.Net. STANDS4 LLC, 2019.
Fujaya, Yushinta. Teknologi Reproduksi Melahirkan Paradigma Baru dalam Masyarakat. Bogor: Program Pasca Sarjana IPB, 2011.
Getz, Maggie. “When Are Sex Organs Formed in a Fetus? How Your Baby’s Genitalia Develops.” babycenter.com, n.d.
Ghazali, Muhammad Ibn Muhammad. Al-, Al-Mustasfa Min ’Ilm Al-Uṣūl. Cairo: Maktabah al-Jumdiyah, 2010.
Gravenor, Natalie. “Post-Modern, Post-National, Post-Gender? Suggestions for a Consideration of Gender Identities in the Visual Artworks and Moving Images of Neue Slowenische Kunst.” Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies 14, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1515/ausfm-2017-0008.
Hendrayani, Morarely. “Waria dan Masyarakat dalam Literasi Sosial Agama di Yogyakarta.” Masyarakat Madani: Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Pengembangan Masyarakat 4, no. 1 (2019): 1–12. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jmm.v4i1.7517.
Hester, J. David. “Eunuchs and the Postgender Jesus: Matthew 19.12 and Transgressive Sexualities.” Journal for the Study of the New Testament 28, no. 1 (2016).
———. “Intersexes and The End of Gender: Corporeal Ethics and Postgender Bodies.” Journal of Gender Studies 13, no. 3 (2004). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0958923042000287830
Huda, Moh. “Penggunaan Teknologi Reproduksi Bantu (Assistive Reproductive Technology) Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Kesehatan Reproduksi Dalam Pandangan Islam.” Analisis: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 21, no. 1 (2021): 183–202. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24042/ajsk.v21i1.7695.
Kasdi, Abdurrohman. “Reconstruction of Fiqh Nusantara: Developing the Ijtihad Methodology in Formulating Fiqh from Indonesian Perspective.” QIJIS: Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies 7, no. 2 (2019): 239–66.
Karnesyia, Annisa. “Kabar Terkini Pria Yyng Hamil & Melahirkan, Perjuangkan Status Anak.” Haibunda,Com, 22 Nov, 2019.
Katherine N. Cotter, Anna Fekete, & Paul J. Silvia. “Why Do People Visit Art Museums? Examining Visitor Motivations and Visit Outcomes.” Empirical Studies of the Arts, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/02762374211011.
Kumar, Ranjit. Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners. London: Sage Publication, 2000.
Laskowski, N. G. “Moral Constraints on Gender Concepts.” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-020-10060-9.
Luetke, Josie. “Post-Genderism.” The Interim, 1 Agustus, 2017.
McDowell, Linda. “Post-Crisis, Post-Ford and Post-Gender? Youth Identities in an Era of Austerity.” Journal of Youth Studies 15, no. 5 (2012): 573–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2012.671933.
Mudzhar, M. Atho. Fatwas of the Council of Indonesian Ulama: A Study of Islamic Legal Thought in Indonesia 1975–1988. Jakarta: INIS, 1993.
Muhammad, Husein. Fiqh Seksualitas. Jakarta: Perkumpulan Keluarga Berencana Indonesia, 2011.
Muslim, Imam. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslīm. Riyadh: Maktabatur Rusyd, 2001.
Nalisa, Dania & Syaifuddin Zuhdi. “The Childfree Phenomenon in the Perspective of Human Rights and Maqashid Al-Shari’ah.” International Conference on Community Empowerment and Engagement (ICCEE), 2021.
Nur, Iffatin. Syahrul Adam, M. Ngizzul Muttaqien. “Maqasid Al-Shari’at: The Main Reference and Ethical Spiritual Foundation for the Dynamization Process of Islamic Law.” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 20, no. 2 (2020).
———. “Postgenderism: Weighing a Future World without Gender with the Islamic Law’s Philosophy.” Journal of Talent Development and Excellence (JTDE) 12, no. 1 (2020).
———. & Muhammad Ngizzul Muttaqin. “Reformulating The Concept of Maṣlaḥah: From A Textual Confinement Towards A Logic Determination.” Justicia Islamica Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial 17, no. 1 (2020).
———. Ushūl Fiqih Iftirādhi: Membincang Diskursus Postgenderisme Dan Posthumanisme. Tulungagung: SATU Press, 2022.
———. A Muhdhor Ali, and Ali Abdul Wakhid. “Handasatu Uṣūl Al-Fiqh: Naḥwa Muqārabah Indūnīsiyyah li Al-Ijtihād.” Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman 26, no. 1 (2022): 123–38. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/madania.v26i1.7162.
Nurjanah, Siti & Iffatin Nur. “Childfree: Between the Sacredness of Religion, Law and the Reality of Society.” Al-’Adalah 19, no. 1 (2022).
Patton, M.Q. Qualitative Evaluation Methods. London: Sage Publication, 1980.
al-Qaradhawi, Yusuf. Ri’āyah Al-Bīʻah Fi Syarī’ah Al-Islām. Kairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 2001.
Raisuni, Ahmad. Naẕariyyat Al-Maqashid ‘inda Al-Imam Al-Syathibi. Beirut: Al-Muassasah al-Jami’iyyah li al-Dirâsat wa al-Nasyr wa al-Tauzi’, 1995.
Risti, Jessica Novarianne. Representasi Fesyen Netral Gender Dalam Gaya Busana BTS. Malang: Diss. Universitas Brawijaya, 2021.
Rukmana, Aan. “Peran Teknologi di Dunia Islam.” Mumtaz: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an dan Keislaman 2, no. 1 (2018): 111–20. https://doi.org/10.36671/mumtaz.v2i1.21.
Al-Shatibi, Abu Ishaq. Al-Muwafaqot Fi Ushul Al-Syari’ah. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah, 2004.
Sintya. “Hati-Hati! Ini 5 Bahaya yang Mengintai Pasca Operasi Pergantian Alat Kelamin.” Shopback.Co.Id, 2017.
South, Scott J. & Lei Lei. “Why Are Fewer Young Adults Having Casual Sex?” Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231219968.
al-Subki, Ibn. Taj al-Din ‘Abd al-Wahhab. Hasyiah Al-‘Allamah Al-Bannani ‘Ala Matn Jam’i Al-Jawami, Juz II. Mesir: Dar Ihya’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyyah, n.d.
Tabrani, Mukti “Maqashid Revitalization in Global Era: Istidlal Study from Text to Context.” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial 13, no. 2 (2018).
Umam, Muhammad Khatibul & Nano Romadlon Auliya Akbar. “Childfree Pasca Pernikahan: Keadilan Hak-Hak Reproduksi Perempuan Perspektif Masdar Farid Mas’udi dan Al-Ghazali.” Al-Manhaj: Journal of Indonesian Islamic Family Law 3, no. 2 (2021).
Tunggono, Victoria. Childfree & Happy. EA Books, 2021.
Werner, Kelly M. & Mark R. Mercurio. “Ethical Considerations in the Use of Artificial Womb/Placenta Technology.” Seminars in Perinatology 46, no. 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semperi.2021.151521.
World Health Organization (WHO). Congenital Anomalies. Geneva: WHO, 2016.
al-Yasa, Abu Bakar. Metode Istishlāhiyyah (Pemanfatan Ilmu Pengetahuan dalam Ushul Fiqh). Jakarta: Kencana, 2016.
Copyright (c) 2023 AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Publishing your paper with Al Ihkam (Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial/Journal of Law & Social Studies) means that the author or authors retain the copyright in the paper. Al Ihkam granted an exclusive non commercial reuse license by the author(s), but the author(s) are able to put the paper onto a website, distribute it to colleagues, give it to students, use it in your thesis etc, so long as the use is not directed at commercial advantage or toward private monetary gain. The author(s) can reuse the figures and tables and other information contained in their paper published by Al Ihkam in future papers or work without having to ask anyone for permission, provided that the figures, tables or other information that is included in the new paper or work properly references the published paper as the source of the figures, tables or other information, and the new paper or work is not direct at private monetary gain or commercial advantage.
Al Ihkam journal (Journal of Law & Social Studies) provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge & be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.
Al Ihkam journal Open Access articles are distributed under this Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA). Articles can be read and shared for noncommercial purposes under the following conditions:
- BY: Attribution must be given to the original source (Attribution)
- NC: Works may not be used for commercial purposes (Noncommercial)