Rokat Tèkos Jhâghung (Ritual of Repellent of Maize-Eating Rats in East Madura: A Phenomenological Study)
Abstract views: 218
,
PDF downloads: 181
Abstract
East Madura, ie Pamekasan and Sumenep regencies, has an agricultural pattern that focuses on dry ecology. Therefore, the area is very suitable for the cultivation of maize crops. Various efforts have been made to improve the productivity of maize, both in terms of natural resource management and human resource improvement. This paper presents an another attempt, namely the supernatural effort through the rokat tèkos jhâghung ritual believed by the local farmers that it was able to repel maize-eating rats so that the productivity of maize will increase. This qualitative research conducted in Taghedhân kampung, Airmera Village, Sumenep by using the social theory of phenomenology, resulted in the finding that the rokat tèkos jhâgung ritual is a ritual of petition to Allah Almighty so that the maize crops of the village community are not encroached by the rats with the spiritual help of tarètan sè empa' (the four sisters), ie Sariyâ as a symbol of aèng kabâ (amniotic fluid), Nuriyâ as a symbol of tamonè (placenta), Bhuwana as a symbol of tontonan (umbilical cord), and Bhuwani as a symbol of dârâ (blood). This effort provides an alternative to the expulsion of rat pests that damage crops from rice fields, after previously there is a natural effort in expelling rat pests from rice fields in Bali through the recording of gamelan blaganjur sounds.
Copyright (c) 2017 by KARSA. All right reserved
Downloads
References
Ali, Hamad dan Fahd al-Mulla, “Defining Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells”, Stem Cell Discovery 2, no.1 (2012): 15-23.
Amzeri, Achmad, et al. “Kekerabatan Jagung (Zea mays L.) Lokal Madura Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi dan Penanda RAPD”, Biota 16, no. 2 (Juni, 2011): 227−235.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Bangkalan, Kabupaten Bangkalan dalam Angka. Bangkalan: BPS Kabupaten Bangkalan, 2000
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Pamekasan, Kabupaten Pamekasan dalam Angka. Pamekasan: BPS Kabupaten Pamekasan, 2004
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sampang, Kabupaten Sampang dalam Angka. Sampang: BPS Kabupaten Sampang, 1999
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sumenep, Kabupaten Sumenep dalam Angka. Sumenep: BPS Kabupaten Sumenep, 2000.
Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Jawa Timur, Jawa Timur dalam Angka. Surabaya: Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Jawa Timur, 2007.
Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Jawa Timur. Jawa Timur dalam Angka 2000. Surabaya: BPS Jawa Timur, 2001.
Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Jawa Timur. Jawa Timur dalam Angka. Surabaya: Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Jawa Timur, 2007.
Bogdan, R.C. dan S.J. Taylor, Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods: a Phenomenological Approach to the Sosial Sciences. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973.
Burton, Graham J. Human Placental Structure and Development. UK: Centre for Trophoblast Research, 2014.
Campbell, Tom. Tujuh Teori Sosial: Sketsa, Penilaian, Perbandingan. Diterjemahkan oleh F. Budihardiman. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1995.
Christ, Thomas W. “Scientific-based Research and Randomized Controlled Trials, the “Gold” Standard? Alternative Paradigms and Mixed Methodologies”, Qualitative Inquiry 20, no. 1 (Januari, 2014): 72-80.
Cooley, Charles H. Sociological Theory and Social Research. New York: Holt, 1930.
Dhavamony, Mariasusai. Fenomenologi Agama. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1995.
Djauhari, A., A. Djulin, dan I. Soejono, Maize Production in Java: Prospects for Improved Farm-Level Production Technology. Indonesia: CGPRT Centre, 1988.
Dorosh, Paul. et al., The Corn Economy of Indonesia: Report of the BULOG/Stanford Corn Project to the Government of Indonesia. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University/BULOG Corn Project, 1985.
Geertz, Clifford. Involusi Pertanian; Proses Perubahan Ekologi di Indonesia. Jakarta: Bhratara Karya Aksara, 1983.
Geertz, Clifford. The Interpretation of Culture. New York: Basic Book, 1973.
Geertz, Cliffrod. “Religion as a Cultural System”, in The interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. Author: Cliffrod Geertz, 87-125. New York: Fontana Press, 1993.
Hamida, Ruly, dan Kumala Dewi, “Efektivitas Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular dan 5-aminolevulinic Acid terhadap Pertumbuhan Jagung Varietas Lokal Madura pada Cekaman Kekeringan”, Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 34, no. 1 (2015): 61-67.
Hefni, Mohammad. “Bhuppa’-Bhâbhu’-Ghuru-Rato: Studi Konstruktivisme-Strukturalis tentang Hierarkhi Kepatuhan dalam Budaya Masyarakat Madura”, Karsa: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture, Vol. XI, No.1 (April, 2007), h. 12-20.
Henley, David E. F. Nationalism And Regionalism In A Colonial Context Minahasa In The Dutch East Indies. Ph.D Thesis, the Australian National University, Februari 1992.
Kantor Deputi Menegristek Bidang Pendayagunaan dan Pemasyarakatan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi, ”Jagung”. Diakses pada 11 Februari 2012, http://www.warintek.ristek.go.id/pertanian/jagung.pdf.
Kasryno, F. et al., Gambaran Umum Ekonomi Jagung Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. Indonesia, 2007.
Kliman, Harvey J. “From Trophoblast to Human Placenta”, The Encyclopedia of Reproduction (2006): 1-19.
Kosim, M. Sholeh. Pemeriksaan Kekeruhan Air Ketuban”, Sari Pediatri 11, no. 5 (Februari, 2010): 379-384.
Kosim, Mohammad. “Kerapan Sapi; “Pesta” Rakyat Madura (Perspektif Historis-Normatif)”, Karsa: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Keislaman XI, no. 1 (April, 2007): 68-76. Diakses pada 12 Januari 2015. ejournal.stainpamekasan.ac.id/index.php/karsa/article/download/149/140.
Kuntowijoyo, Perubahan Sosial dalam Masyarakat Agraris: Madura 1850-1940. Diterjemahkan oleh Machmoed Effendhie dan Punang Amaripuja. Yogyakarta: Mata Bangsa, 2002.
Lincoln, Yvonna S. dan Egon G. Guba, Naturalistic Inquiry. London-New Delhi: Sage Publication Inc., 1985.
Maryam, “Amniotic fluid and its abnormality”, obstetrics (December, 2011): 1-7.
Marzali, Amri. Kata Pengantar pada Metode Etnografi, written by James S. Spradley. Yogyakarta: PT. Tiara Wacana Yogya, 1997.
Miles, Matthew B. dan A. Michael Hubermas, An Expanded Source Book: Qualitative Data Analysis. London: Sage Publication, 1995.
Muhajir, Noeng. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Yogyakarta: Rakesarasin, 1996.
Muhsoni, Firman Farid. “Kesuaian Lahan untuk Tanaman Jagung di Madura dengan Menggunakan Penginderaan Jauh dan Sistem Informasi Geografis”, Embryo 7, no. 1 (Juni, 2010): 45-52.
Nasution, S. Metode Penelitian Naturalistik-Kualitatif. Bandung: Tarsito, 1992.
Nurmansyah, Erwhin. Analisis Pendapatan dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Produksi Usahatani Jagung pada Lahan Kering: Studi kasus di Desa Lomaer, Kecamatan Blega, Kabupaten Bangkalan, Madura, Jawa Timur. Tesis Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 2011.
O’Dea, Thomas. Sosiologi Agama. Jakarta: PT. Grafindo Raja Persada, 1995.
Ofm, Dister dan Nico Syukur, Pengalaman dan Motivasi Beragama. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1993.
Perry, Jenny. Schutz, Garfinkel, and Sacks and Their Interrelatedness. http://www.bangor.ac.uk/so/postgraduate/Perry-conf-pl-htm. Diakses pada 12 Juni 2006.
Porte, Miche`Le. “Rite and Ritual”, dalam International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis, ed. Alain de Mijolla,. USA: Macmillan Reference, 2002.
Raffles, Thomas S. The History of Java. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Ritzer, George dan Douglas J. Goodman, Teori Sosiologi Modern. Diterjemahkan oleh Alimandan. Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2003.
Ritzer, George. Sosiologi Ilmu Pengetahuan Berparadigma Ganda. Diterjemahkan oleh Alimandan. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 1992.
Riyanto, Romo Eko Armada. Phenomenological Methods in Practice of Sosial Research. Hand-out Mata Kuliah Metodologi Penelitian Program Doktor, Program Studi Ilmu Sosial, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya tanggal 7 April 2006. Tidak dipublikasikan.
Roesmarkam, S. et al., Usulan Pemuliaan Varietas Lokal Jagung Madura Manding, Talango, dan Guluk-guluk. Malang: Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Jawa Timur, 2006.
Sani, M. Yamin, dan Pawennari Hijjang, “Di antara Kearifan dan Kerawanan Ekologi: Implikasi Perubahan Pola Perladangan dan Masa Depan Komunitas Lokal”. Prosiding Simposium Internasional Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia I: Membangun Kembali Indonesia. Makassar 2000.
Sani, M. Yamin, et al., Dinamika Sosial Ekonomi Komunitas Peladang dan Masa Depan. Makasar: Yayasan Laut Biru Indonesia-Puspaintan, 1999.
Sastraprateja, M. “Kata Pengantar” dalam Peter L. Berger, Kabar Angin dari Langit. Diterjemahkan oleh J.B. Sudarmanto. Jakarta: LP3ES, 1990
Scott, James C. The Moral Economy of Peasant. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981
Soerjandono, Noeriwan Budi. “Teknik Produksi Jagung Anjuran di Lokasi Prima Tani Kabupaten Sumenep”. Diakses pada 11 Februari 2013, http://www.pustaka-deptan.go.id/publikasi/bt131088.pdf.
Subaharianto, Andang. Et al. Industrialisasi Madura; Membentur Kultur Menjunjung Leluhur. Malang: Bayumedia Publishing, 2004.
Sugiarti, Teti, dan Mardiyah Hayati, “Persepsi Petani Madura dalam Menolak Jagung Varietas Baru”, Embryo VI, no. 1 (Juni 2009): 35-46.
Suprapti, Isdiana, et al., “Efisiensi Produksi Petani Jagung Madura dalam Mempertahankan Keberadaan Jagung Lokal”, Agriekonomika 3, no. 1 (April, 2014): 11-20.
Suryadarma, I Gusti Putu., et al., Rancang Bangun Auidio Integrated Pest Management melalui Spesifikasi Spektrum Bunyi Binatang Alamiah dan Bunyi gamelan Blaganjur yang Tertulis Dalam Naskah Lontar Usada Carik. Satu Pendekatan Pengendalian Hama Terpadu. Yogyakarta: Lembaga Penelitian UMY, 2013.
Sutrisno, Loekman. Paradigma Baru Pembangunan Pertanian. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2002.
Terra, G.J.A. “Farm System in South-East Asia” Netherland Journal of Agricultural Science, no. 6 (1958): 157-181.
Tong, Xing-Long, et al, “Potential Function of Amniotic Fluid in Fetal Development –Novel Insights by Comparing the Composition of Human Amniotic Fluid with Umbilical Cord and Maternal Serum at Mid and Late Gestation”, J Chin Med Assoc 72, no. 7 (July, 2009): 368-73.
Turner, Jonathan S. The Structure of Sociological Theory. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1991.
Wanti Mindari, Maroeto, dan Syekhfani, “Maize Tolerance to Salinity of Irrigation Water”, J Trop Soils 16, no. 3 (2011): 211-218.
Waters, Malcolm. Modern Sociological Theory. London, California, dan New Delhi: Sage Publication Ltd., 1994
Wawancara dengan H. Rawi, 12 April 2016.
Wawancara dengan Kiai Rifa’i, 12 April 2016.
Wawancara dengan Pak Luthfi, 17 April 2016
Weiss, Ch. dan W. Jelkmann, “Functions of the Blood”, dalam Springer Handbook of Odor. Diedit oleh Andrea Buettner, 402-438. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989.
Werdisastra, Raden. Babad Sumenep. Diterjemahkan oleh Moh. Toha Hadi. Pasuruan: PT. Garoeda Buana Indah, 1996.
Wigboldus, Jouke S. “A History of the Minahasa c. 1615-1680”, Archipel 34, no. 1 (1987): 63-101.
Zaed ZM, Sidqi, et al., “Pengembangan Pola Tanam dan Diversifikasi Tanaman Pangan di Madura: Suatu Upaya Peningkatan Produksi dan Pendapatan Petani”, Agrovigor 3, no. 1 (Maret, 2010): 65-76.
Zeitlin, Irving M. Memahami Kembali Sosiologi; Kritik terhadap Teori Sosiologi Kontemporer. Diterjemakan oleh Anshori dan Juhanda. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1995.
Zuesse, Evan M. “Ritual”, dalam The Encyclopedia of Religion, Vol. 11. Diedit oleh Mircea Eliade. New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan, 1995.
The journal operates an Open Access policy under a Creative Commons Non-Commercial Share-Alike license. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
