Propaganda and Da’wah in Digital Era  (A Case of Hoax Cyber-Bullying Against Ulama)

Abdul Karim; Firdaus Wajdi

doi:10.19105/karsa.v27i1.1921

Abdul Karim Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon
Firdaus Wajdi Universitas Negeri Jakarta

https://doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v27i1.1921

Abstract views: 1069 ,

PDF downloads: 479

Keywords: propaganda, da’wah, cyber-bullying, hoax

Abstract

The presence of the media with all conveniences has surrounded the lives of Muslims. The patterns and models of da’wah developed by the da'i should adjust to the era of information and communication technology. However, under the pretext of freedom, many media appearances tend to damage social values and order. The purpose of this study is to analysis the elements of propaganda and da’wah in the movement of cyber-bullying of scholars through the hoax which based on the existence of problems in Islamic da’wah done with contradictive, and online media utilized with provocative. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research which is using documentation and direct observation by accessing the website then the data collected is analyzed by filling system analysis. The data source was obtained from an online web that broadcasted the news with the keywords da’wah, bullying ulama and hoaxes. The result of research indicates that element of da’wah only exist in cyber-bullying while the hoax more prominent in propaganda side. The data found are (1) the existence of ulama propaganda movements which are bullied; (2) propagation of ulama through hoaxes; and (3) the existence of perpetrators of cyber-bullying ulama movements; however (4) there are several parties responsible for overcoming cyber-bullying through hoax.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Abdul Karim, Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Teaching and Education

Firdaus Wajdi, Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Islamic Education

References

Abdullah, Assyari. “Membaca Komunikasi Politik Gerakan Aksi Bela Islam 212: Antara Politik Identitas dan Ijtihad Politik Alternatif.” Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, vol. 41, no. 2 (2017): 209.

Abdurrahman, Arif. Anti-Bullying Policy. London: London Islamic School, 2016.

Adawiyah, Elvi Robiatul dan Alam, Sukma. “Pengamat: gerakan Saracen belum tergolong terorisme kekinian.” Rilis. Last modified August 24, 2017. http://rilis.id/pengamat-gerakan-sara cen-belum-tergolong-terorisme-kekinian.html.

Adiwilaga, Rendy. “Gerakan Islam Politik dan Proyek Historis Penegakkan Islamisme di Indonesia.” Jurnal Wacana Politik, vol. 2, no. 1 (2017): 6.

Adnan, Suriadi, Mujahidin, Jayadi, and Mursidin. “Cultural Da’wah and Islamic Education Values in Antar Ajong Tradition of People in Melayu Sambas West Kalimantan.” Karsa: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture, vol. 27 No.1 (2019): 1-30.

Ahmad, Nur, “Tantangan Dakwah di Era Teknologi dan Informasi ,” ADDIN, vol. 8, no. 2 (2014): 322.

Aji, Rustam. “Digitalisasi, Era Tantangan Media (Analisis Kritis Kesiapan Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi Menyongsong Era Digital).” Islamic Communication Journal, vol. 01, no. 01 (2016): 45.

Amin, Muliaty. “Information Technology (IT) dan Urgensinya Sebagai Media Dakwah Era Kontemporer.” Jurnal Dakwah Tabligh, vol. 14, no.2 (2013): 183-192.

Amudavalli, A. Theories & Models of Communication. Department of Library & Information Science: University of Madras, n.y.

Anthony. Approach Method and Medium. Britany: t.p., 1973.

Anwar, Rosihan. Kiat Menulis artikel di Media Cetak. Bandung: Rosdakarya, 2004.

Apriandi, Mahesa. “6 Kasus berita hoax di Banten, dari PKI serang ulama hingga terror bom.” Okezone. Last modified March 02, 2018. https://news.okezone.com/read/2018/03/02/340/1867252/ 6-kasus-berita-hoaks-di-banten-dari-pki-serang-ulama-hingga-teror-bom.

Ariawan, Deny. Analisis Isi Cyber Dakwah dalam Website Ahmadiyyah.or.id pada bulan April 2011. Skripsi, Jurusan Ilmu Komunikasi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2013.

Arikunto, Suharsimi. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta, 1998.

Astuti, Ponny Retno. Meredam Bullying 3 Cara Efektif Menang-gulangi Kekerasan pada Anak. Jakarta: PT Grasindo, 2012.

Baker, Anton. Metode Filsafat. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia, 1986.

Bakti, Andi Faisal & Venny Eka Meidasari. “Trendsetter Komunikasi di Era Digital: Tantangan dan Peluang Pendidikan Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam.” Jurnal Komunikasi Islam, vol. 02, no. 01 (2012): 2.

Bass, Jossey. “Basic Communication Model.” The Pleiffer Library, vol. 25, no. 2 (1998): 1.

Bayu, Dimas Jarot. “Anggap Saracen Berbahaya, Jokowi Desak Polisi Ungkap Pemesan Jasa.” Yuliawati (ed.). Katadata. Last modified August 27, 2017. https://katadata.co.id/berita/2017/08/ 27/anggap-saracen-berbahaya-jokowi-desak-polisi-ungkap-pemesan-jasa.

Bhayangkara, Chyntia Sami. “Ini 6 informasi hoaks yang fenomenal hingga telan korban jiwa.” Okezone. Last modified March 28, 2018. https://news.okezone.com/read/2018/03/28/337/1879324/ ini-6-informasi-hoaks-yang-fenomenal-hingga-telan-korban-jiwa.

Daniel, Mohammed. “Scare Tactics, Slander & bullying of Ulama from Al Burujpress Company.” The Revival. Last modified May 25, 2013. http://www.therevival.co.uk/forum/general/11025.

Daulay, Hamdan. Pasang Surut Dakwah Dalam Dinamika Budaya, Politik dan Keluarga. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Fokus, 2009.

Departemen Pendidikan Nasional RI. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 2002.

Donegan, Richard. “Bullying and Cyberbullying: History, Statistic, Law, Prevention and Analysis.” The Elon Journal of Under-graduate Research in Communications, vol. 3, no. 1 (2012): 35.

Donnellan, Craig. Bullying (Issues Series Vo. 122). Cambridge: Independence Educational Publishers, 2006.

Eriyanto. Analisis Waca Pengantar Analisis Teks Media. Yogyakarta: LKiS Pelangi Aksara, 2005.

Ervianto, Toni. “Fenomena Apakah Saracen Itu?” Detiknews. Last modified August 29, 2017. https://news.detik.com/kolom/d36 19894/fenomena-apakah-saracen-itu.

Fahmi, Ismail. “Pergerakan Muslim Cyber Army.” Gizmologi. Last modified March 5, 2018. https://gizmologi.id/insight/pergerakan-muslim-cyber-army.

Fakhri, Fakhrizal. “Presiden Jokowi minta bantuan ulama perangi hoaks.” Okezone. Last modified April 03, 2018. https://news.oke zone.com/read/2018/04/03/337/1881598/presiden-jokowi-minta-bantuan-ulama-perangi-hoaks.

Fardiansyah, Achmad. “DPR minta semua pihak kerja sama lawan hoaks.” Okezone. Last modified April 03, 2018. https://news. okezone.com/read/2018/04/03/337/1881301/dpr-minta-semua-pihak-kerja-bersama-lawan-hoaks.

Fardiansyah, Achmad. “Isu sara hoaks bisa jadi ancaman serius bagi stabilitas nasional.” Okezone. Last modified April 22, 2018. https://news.okezone.com/read/2018/04/22/337/1890081/isu-sara-hoaks-bisa-jadi-ancaman-serius-bagi-stabilitas-nasional.

Faturokhmah, Fita. “Propaganda Media dalam Mewacanakan Komunitas Agama Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia (JAI).” Jurnal Dakwah, vol VIII, no. 2 (2009): 217.

Fauzi, Abu Hanifah. “Hentikan bully, inilah alasanya.” Atsar. Last modified August 8, 2017. https://www.atsar.id/2017/08/hentikan -bully-stop-bullying-inilah-alasannya.html.

Hamid, Farid, dan Budianto, Heri (ed). Ilmu Komunikasi sekarang dan Tantangan Masa Depan. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2011.

Hammersley, Martyn. Metodologi Penelitian Sosial. Surabaya: Jawa Pos Press, 2004.

Hasan, Mohammad. “Wasatiyyah Islam in The Pesantren Islamic Education Tradition Framework.” Karsa: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture. vol. 26 No.2 (2018): 177-194.

Hendardi. “5 alasan gerakan MCA harus ditumpas.” Jpnn. Last modified March 7, 2018. https://www.jpnn.com/news/5-alasan-gerakan-muslim-cyber-army-harus-ditumpas.

Herawati, Azizah & Zainatul Mukarromah. “Dakwah Berbasis Peduli Lingkungan (Pendampingan Rohani dan Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Umat pada Komunitas Peduli Lingkungan “Pucang Rahayu” Deca Pucanganom, Srumbung, Magelang, Jawa Tengah.” Jurnal Bimas Islam, vol. 9, no. 1 (2016): 9.

Hidayatullah, Syarif. Islam Virtual. Jakarta: Penerbit Mifta, 2003.

Husnan, Dinul & Mhd. Sholihin. “Ulama, Islam, dan Gerakan Sosial-Politik: Reposisi Ulama dalam Gerakan Sosial-Politik Islam Indonesia.” Fokus: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman dan Kemasyara- katan, vol. 2, no. 01 (2017): 23.

Ibrahim, Abd. Halim. Al-Muwajjih al-Fanny Li Mudarrisi al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyah. Kairo: Dār al-Ma’ārif, 1982.

Idhom, Adi M. "MUI: Aksi Muslim Cyber Army Sebar Hoaks Adalah Haram." Tirto. Last modified March 2, 2018. https://tirto.id/mui-aksi-muslim-cyber-army-sebar-hoaks-adalah-haram-cFw8.

Imaroh, Zidti. Hubungan Kecerdasan Spiritual terhadap Resiko Perilaku Bullying Siswa di SMK Yayasan Miftahul Jannah (YMJ) Ciputat. Skripsi, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2017.

Ismail, Faisal. Pencerahan Spiritalitas di Tengah Kemelut Zaman Edan. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana, 2008.

Julhawasi, Ahmad. Dakwah dan Media Sosial (Studi terhadap Pendapat Ulama Kota Palangka Raya mengenai Penggunaan Facebook dalam Berdakwah). Skripsi, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya, 2016.

Juniawati. “Dakwah Melalui Media Elektronik: Peran dan Potensi Media Elektronik dalam Dakwah Islam di Kalimantan Barat.” Jurnal Dakwah, vol. XV, no. 2 (2014): 212.

Khoiruzzaman, Wahyu. “Urgensi Dakwah Media Cyber Berbasis Peace Journalism.” Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah, vol. 36, no. 2 (2016): 318.

Krahe, Barbara. Perilaku Agresif. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2005.

Kurnia J, Abdi. “Salafy mem-bully imam an-Nawawy.” Generasi Salafus Sholeh. Last modified September 1, 2014. https:// generasisalaf.wordpress.com/2014/09/01/imam-nawawi-pun-di-bully.

Kusnawan, Asep. Ilmu Dakwah (Kajian Berbagai Aspek). Bandung: Pustaka Bani Quraisy, 2004.

Lunenburg, Fred C. “Communication: the Process, Barriers, and Improving Effectiveness.” School, vol. 1, no. 1 (2010): 2.

Ma’luf. Al-Munjid fīy al-Lughah. Bairūt: Dār al-Masyriq, 1977.

Marzuki. Metodologi Riset. Yogyakarta: BPFE_LITI, 1997.

Mindarti, Lely Indah and Ronny Subroto Suryo Guritno. “The Development of Community-Based Tourism in “Kampung Inggris” Pare, Kediri Regency, East Java.” Karsa: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture, vol. 27 No.1 (2019): 131-148.

Muhyiddin, Asep. Metode Pengembangan Dakwah. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2002.

Mukhlisuddin. “Peran Penyuluh Agama Islam dalam Mereduksi Konflik dan Mengintegrasikan Masyarakat (Studi Kasus Konflik Pelaksanaan Shalat Tarawih di Kecamatan Banda Dua Kabupaten Pidie Jaya).” Jurnal Bimas Islam, vol. 9, no. 2 (2016): 37.

Mulyana, Dedy. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, 2002.

Munawir, Narson. Kamus al Munawir. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Progresif, 1994.

Myers, M.D. Qualitative Research in Business & Management. London England: SAGE Publication Ltd, 2009.

Nadlir, Moh. “Oesman Sapta: Tindak Tegas Donatur dan Anggota Kelompok Saracen.” Kompas. Last modified August 27, 2017. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2017/08/27/12102641/oesman-sapta-tindak-tegas-donatur-dan-anggota-kelompok-saracen.

Nahrawardaya, Mustofa B. “Penangkapan MCA Palsu Besar Kemungkinan karena Kecewa Kekalahan Politik.” Hidayatullah. Last modified March 2, 2018. http://m.hidayatullah.com/berita/ wawancara/read/2018/03/02/136853/penangkapan-mca-palsu-besar-kemungkinan-karena-kecewa-kekalahan-politik.html.

Nazir, Moh. Metode Penelitian. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia, 2005.

Novrian, Ardi. Hubungan antara Fungsi Keluarga dengan Kecenderungan Perilaku Bullying pada Remaja Muslim Kelas IX SMP Negeri 3 Palembang. Skripsi, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, 2017.

Nugroho, Sapto. “Tangkap asma dewi polisi temukan bukti transfer Rp 75 juta ke saracen begini alurnya.” Tribunnews. Last modified September 13, 2017. http://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2017/ 09/13/tangkap-asma-dewi-polisi-temukan-bukti-transfer-rp-75-juta-ke-saracen-begini-alurnya.

Nur, Dalinur M. “Dakwah Pada Era Global.” Jurnal Wardah, no. XXVIII, no. XV (2014): 166.

Pamungkas, Arie Setyaningrum & Gita Octaviani. “Aksi Bela Islam dan Ruang Publik Muslim: dari Representasi Daring ke Komunitas Luring.” Jurnal Pemikiran Sosiologi, vol. 4, no. 2 (2017): 86.

Qodar, Nafiysul and Hatta, Raden Trimutia. “Bau Politik di Balik Kedok Muslim Cyber Army.” Liputan6. Last modified March 06, 2018. https://m.liputan6.com/news/read/3345372/bau-poli tik-di-balik-kedok-muslim-cyber-army.

Rachman, Arif. “Soal Video Tito Karman BM sudah diselesaikan ulama stop bullying Kapolri.” Konfrontasi. Last modified February 2, 2018. http://www.konfrontasi.com/content/nasional/ soal-video-tito-karman-bm-sudah-diselesaikan-ulama-stop-bully ing-kapolri.

Rahman, Vanny El. “Pengamat: muslim cyber army lebih berbahaya dibandingkan Saracen.” IDN Times. Last modified March 6, 2018. https://www.idntimes.com/news/indonesia/vannyrahman/ pengamat-muslim-cyber-army-lebih-berbahaya-dibanding saracen/full.

Ramdhani, Ahmad Mujahid. Strategi Dakwah Internet Situs www.alsofwah.or.id sebagai sumber informasi Islam. Skripsi, Universitas Islam Negeri Kalijaga, 2007.

Rizky, Muhamad. “di era digital Polri imbau masyarakat harus waspada informasi hoaks.” Okezone. Last modified March 29, 2018. https://news.okezone.com/read/2018/03/29/337/1879815/di-era-digital-polri-imbau-masyarakat-harus-waspada-informasi-hoaks.

Rochmi, Muhammad Nur. “Asma Dewi dari Pilkada Jakarta, 212, hingga Saracen.” Beritagar. Last modified September 12, 2017. https://beritagar.id/artikel/berita/asma-dewi-dari-pilkada-jakarta-212-hingga-saracen.

Rokeach, Ball dan DeFluer (Trans). Teori Komunikasi Massa. Kuala Lumpur Malaysia: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, 1988.

Romli, Asep Syamsul M. Jurnalistik Online: Panduan Mengelola Media Online. Bandung: Nuansa Cendekia, 2012.

Said, Hasani Ahmad & Sunandar Ibnu Nur. “Penyuluhan Islam di Era Modern: Potret Dakwah sebagai Media Komunikasi Profetik.” Jurnal Bimas Islam, vol. 9, no. 1 (2016): 93.

Santrock, John W. Perkembangan Anak, Edisi Kesebelas Jilid 2. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2007.

Sayem, Md. Abu. “Religious Understanding of Nature and Influence of Geographical Environment on Shaping Religious Beliefs and Practices within Christianity and Islam.” Karsa: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture, vol. 26 No.2 (2018): 195-214.

Septianto, Bayu. “Bamsoet: hoaks bentuk nyata perang siber harus diwaspadai.” Okezone. Last modified April 13, 2018. https:// news.okezone.com/read/2018/04/13/337/1886505/bamsoet-hoaks -bentuk-nyata-perang-siber-harus-diwaspadai.

Severin, Warner J. A. & James W. Tankard. Jr. Communication, Theories, Origins, Methods, & Uses in the Mass Media. Translated by Sugeng Haryanto, Cet. I. Jakarta: Kencana, 2005.

Sidiq, Umar and Afiful Ikhwan. “Local Government Policy Regarding Mandatory Students Diniyah Takmiliyah in Indramayu Regency.” Karsa: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture, Vol. 26 No.1 (2018): 70-90.

Sihbudi, M. Riza. Menyandera Timur Tengah: Kebijakan AS dan Israel atas Negara-negara Muslim. Bandung: Mizan, 2007.

Slater, Ted. A Definition and Model for Communication, t.th.

Storey, Kim, & Ron Slaby. Eyes on Bullying…What can you do? (a Toolkit to Prevent Bullying in Children’s Lives. USA: Education Development Center, 2008.

Sudjana, Eggi. “Saracen Gerakan Anti-Islam.” Konfrontasi. Last modified August 26, 2017. http://www.konfrontasi.com/content/ nasional/eggi-sudjana-saracen-gerakan-anti-islam.

Sultan, Azhari. “Resmi tersangka pelaku ujaran kebencian di Jambi terancam 6 tahun bui.” Okezone. Last modified March 29, 2018. https://news.okezone.com/read/2018/03/29/340/1879409/resmi-tersangka-pelaku-ujaran-kebencian-di-jambi-terancam-6-tahun-bui.

Sulvian, Keith, M. Cleary, & Ginny Sullvian. Bullying in Secondary Schools: What it looks like and how to manage it. California: Corwin Press, 2004.

Sumandoyo, Arbi. “Mengenal secara Dekat Muslim Cyber Army.” Tirto. Last modified March 2, 2018. https://tirto.id/mengenal-secara-dekat-muslim-cyber-army-cFwM.

Sutriani. Tinjauan Kriminologi Tindak Kekerasan Bullying di Kalangan Siswa Berdasarkan Perspektif Hukum Islam (Sudi kasus SMA Negeri 12 Makassar). Skripsi, UIN Alaudddin Makassar, 2017.

Tabik, Nadirsyah Hosen. “Ketika Ilmuwan, Ulama, dan Profesor Di-bully di Medsos.” Australia: Monash Law School.

Tambak, Ruslan. “Inilah deretan ulama yang dibuli.” Rakyat Merdeka Online. Last modified December 25, 2016. http://politik.rmol.co/ read/2016/11/25/269929/Inilah-Deretan-Ulama-Yang-Di-bully.

Taufik, M. Tata. Dakwah Era Digital: Seri Komunikasi Islam. Kuningan: Pustaka Al-Ikhlash, 2013.

Team of Generasi Muda NU, “Menjawab Bullying pada NU di Medsos.” Account of facebook Generasi Muda NU. Last modified May 7, 2017. https://web.facebook.com/Generasi MudaNu/posts/ 842915492528811:0.

Team of Seword. “Saracen kecerdasan Jokowi hantam politik identitas prabowo dan SBY.” Seword. Last modified August 24, 2017. https://seword.com/politik/saracen-kecerdasan-jokowi-hantam-politik-identitas-prabowo-dan-sby.

Triansyah, Yandi. “Keluarkan Fatwa Saling Bullying di Medsos Haram.” Palembang.tribunnews. Last modified June 7, 2017. http://palembang.tribunnews.com/2017/06/07/mui-keluarkan-fatwa-saling-bullying-di-medsos-haram-ini-penjelasannya.

Usman, Ahmadi. “The Struggle of Jihadist’s Ideology in Hikayah Wahabiyyah Cahya Buana.” Karsa: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture, vol. 27 No.1 (2019): 31-51.

Velenzas, John & Georgia Broni. “Communication Cycle: Definition, Process, Models and Examples.” Recent Advances in Financial Planning and Product Development (n.y): 1.

Vensuri, Hamzah. “MCA sebuah gerakan tanpa komando.” Blog Terusberjuang. Last modified March 3, 2018. http://www. terusberjuang.com/2018/03/muslim-cyber-army-mca-sebuah-gerakan-tanpa-komando.html.

Vera. “Tiga pendekatan dalam penanganan penyalahgunaan TIK.” Kominfor. Last modified May 14, 2016. https://www.kominfo. go.id/content/detail/7479/tiga-pendekatan-dalam-penanganan-penyalahgunaan-tik/0/berita_satker.

Wijayakusuma. “Polisi tangkap penyebar hoaks yang viral di Bekasi.” Okezone. Last modified May 28, 2018. https://news.okezone. com/read/2018/05/28/338/1903857/polisi-tangkap-penyebar-hoaks-yang-viral-di-bekasi.

Wildan, Muhammad. “Aksi Damai 411-212, Kesalehan Populer, dan Identitas Muslim Perkantoran Indonesia.” Jurnal Maarif, vol. 2, no. 2 (2016): 195.

Ya’qub, Hamzah. Publisistik Islam. Bandung: Rosdakarya, 1998.

Zulfiah. “Paradigma Baru Komunikasi Antarumat Beragama di Kota Palu.” Jurnal Bimas Islam, vol. 9, no. 1 (2016): 59.