The Grammar Translation Method in Teaching Structure and Written Expression of TOEFL ITP: Is It Still Effective in Today Era?
Abstract views: 208
,
PDF downloads: 116
Abstract
The grammar translation method (GTM) is an "ancient" method, and many say that its use is less effective in improving English language skills, especially speaking. However, nowadays, there is an English language certification test known as TOEFL ITP, which is widely used in the educational and professional world where the test does not contain a speaking ability test but rather a test related to the application of grammar called Structure and Written Expression questions. Because GTM was initially an effective method used to learn grammar, researchers tested whether GTM could also be effective in teaching Structure and Written Expression of TOEFL preparation material, which is a test intended for non-English speakers. The method used in this research was quasi-experimental, with two different treatments for each experimental and control class. The findings were analyzed using the paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test calculation methods, and the descriptive test results in each class were compared. The results showed that using GTM can effectively increase students' TOEFL scores in the Structure and Written Expression section, and this has a positive impact on teaching staff to apply the same method to EFL students who plan to take the English language test, namely TOEFL.
Downloads
References
Abdulbaki, K., Suhaimi, M., Alsaqqaf, A., & Jawad, W. (2018). The Impact of Using The Lecture Method on Teaching English at University. European Journal of Education Studies, 4(5), 285–302. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1238871
Akramy, S. A., Habibzada, S. A., & Hashemi, A. (2022). Afghan EFL Teachers’ Perceptions Towards Grammar-Translation Method (GTM). Cogent Education, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2125636
Bhatti, M. S., & Mukhtar, R. (2017). Analyzing the Utility of Grammar Translation Method and Direct Method for Teaching English at Intermediate Level. IJAEDU-International E-Journal of Advances in Education, 3. https://doi.org/10.18768/ijaedu.309803
Brown, H. D. (2007). Teaching by Principles an Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy (Third Edition). Pearson Education, Inc.
Chellapan, K. (1983). Translanguage, Translation and Second Language Acquisition. Singapore: SEMEO Regional Language Centre.
Damiani, A. J. (2003). the Grammar Translation Method of Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Daud, D., Yasim, S., & Munawir, A. (2022). Direct Method and Grammar Translation Method in Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension. ELSTIC-IJ, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.24252/elstic-ij.v2i2.26393
Duff, A. (1996). Translation (5th edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Durrani, H. (2016). Attitudes of Undergraduates towards Grammar Translation Method and Communicative Language Teaching in EFL Context: A Case Study of SBK Women’s University Quetta, Pakistan. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 7(4), 167–172. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.7n.4p.167
Elmayantie, C. (2015). The Use of Grammar Translation Method in Teaching English. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 5(2), 125–132. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.23971/jefl.v5i2.372
Fotos, S. (2005). Handbook of Research in Second Language Teaching And Learning. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gamage, K. G. S. (2020). The Pedagogical Application of the Grammar Translation Method as an Effective Instructional Methodology in Teaching English as a Second Language. OALib, 07(11), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106913
Hani, U., Irawan, B., Fajar, M., & Gintings, M. (2023). Pelatihan TOEFL Prediction Berfokus Pada Structure dan Written Expression Bagi Anggota Dialektika. Jurnal Nauli, 2(2), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1234/jurnal%20nauli.v2i2.1084
Harmer, J. (2007). How to Teach English. London: Pearson Education Limited.
Hazmi, F. Al, & Lengkanawati, N. S. (2020). Students’ and Lecturer’s Perception of the Implementation of Direct Method in EFL Classroom: A Case Study in a Tertiary Level. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 430, 73–78. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200406.015
Khamkaew, S. (2022). The Integration of Grammar Translation Method and Individualized Instruction Method in Teaching English for Grade 12 Students. International Journal of English Language Teaching, 10(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.37745/ijelt.13
Lee, S. (2022). Evaluating the New TOEFL ITP® Speaking Test: Insights From Field Test Takers. ETS Research Report Series, 2022(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12352
Lee, Y. J., & Davis, R. O. (2020). University ELLs’ Perceptions, Evaluations, and Satisfaction with EMI Courses in Korea: Focusing on Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and the Grammar-Translation Method (GTM). Journal of Asia TEFL, 17(3), 1068–1076. https://doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2020.17.3.23.1068
Lestary, A. (2019). The Use of Grammar Translation Method (GTM) in Teaching Bahasa Indonesia to Foreign Learner. Tefla Journal, 1(2), 2654–5152. https://doi.org/10.35747/tefla.v1i2.315
Mart, C. T. (2013). The Grammar-Translation Method and the Use of Translation to Facilitate Learning in ESL Classes. Journal of Advances in English Language Teaching, 1(4), 103–105. Retrieved from www.european-science.com/jaelt
Megawati. (2017). The Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension Through Grammar Translation Method. Journal of English Teaching and Research, 2(2), 95–108. https://doi.org/10.29407/jetar.v2i2.833
Memushaj, N., & Sogutlu, E. (2019). An Overview of Grammar Teaching in Grammar Translation and Communicative Approach. Beder Journal of Educational Sciences, 22(1), 1–9.
Omar, Y. Z. O. ; (2019). Influence of Grammar Translation Method (GTM) on Libyan Students’ English Performance in Communicative Situations. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2), 511–530. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2019.52.511530
Pornwiriyakit, P., & Dandee, W. (2022). Translation Problems Analysis and Application of the Grammar-Translation Method in EFL Class. Journal of Educational Issues, 8(1), 572. https://doi.org/10.5296/jei.v8i1.19825
Pramusita, S. M., Situmorang, K., & Nugroho, D. Y. (2023). Peningkatan Kemampuan Structure and Written Expressions pada TOEFL ITP di SMAS Tunas Bangsa Bintan. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3(2), 37–44. Retrieved from https://journal.kualitama.com/index.php/pelita
Rajput, Z., Junejo, S., & Ghouri, Z. (2023). The Effectiveness of the Grammar Translation Method (GTM) in Improving English Language Skills at an Intermediate Level. Pakistan Languages and Humanities Review, 7(III). https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2023(7-iii)13
Rogers, B. (2011). The Complete Guide to the TOEFL Test (PBT Edition). Boston: Heinle Cengage Learning.
Saima, S. A. (2021). Examining the Effectiveness of the Grammar Translation Method (Thesis). Dhaka: BRAC University.
Setiawan, E., & Entusiastik. (2022). Online English Teaching by Using Google Classroom and Its Challenges During Covid-19 Pandemic at SMAN 1 Gedeg Mojokerto. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Proficiency, 4(1), 10–21.
Setiyadi, B. (2014). TEFL II, Modul Edisi II. Tangerang: Pusat Penerbitan Universitas Terbuka.
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Suseno, E., Purnomo, H., & Nuryana, A. (2022). The Implementation of Grammar Translation Method to Better Speaking Competence Supported by Developing Reading and Listening Skills. IJIET (International Journal of Indonesian Education and Teaching), 6(1), 161–179. https://doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.v6i1.1602
Taufiq, W., Santoso, D. R., & Fediyanto, N. (2018). Critical Analysis on TOEFL ITP as A Language Assessment. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), 125, 226–229. https://doi.org/10.2991/icigr-17.2018.55
Wahyuningsih, N., Nurbayani, E., & Saugi, W. (2019). Pengaruh Rasio Jumlah Siswa dalam Kelas Terhadap Efektivitas Pembelajaran PAI di SMK Farmasi Samarinda. Tarbiyah Wa Ta’lim, 6(1), 47–61. https://doi.org/10.21093/twt.v6i1.1941
Yudhanegara, K. E. (2015). Penelitian Pendidikan Matematika. Karawang: Refika Aditama.
Yusop, H., Yeng, F. F., Jumadi, A., Mahadi, S., Ali, M. N., & Johari, N. (2015). The Effectiveness of Excellence Camp: A Study on Paired Sample. Procedia Economics and Finance, 31, 453–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)01174-0
The journal uses an Open Access policy under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
