Promoting Student Questioning in EFL Classroom: Teacher’s Strategies in 2013 Curriculum Context

Desi Wijayanti Ma'rufah

doi:10.19105/ojbs.v15i2.4284

Desi Wijayanti Ma'rufah English Education Department, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto, Central Java 53126 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4250-8668

https://doi.org/10.19105/ojbs.v15i2.4284

Abstract views: 657 ,

PDF downloads: 513

Keywords: Student questioning, Teacher strategies, Interactive classroom, Critical thinking

Abstract

The government expects that the learning process in the 2013 curriculum uses inspiring, interactive, fun, and challenging activities that engage students’ participation in the class. The students’ involvement and critical thinking in meaningful learning are increased when the students ask questions productively in the classroom. However, Indonesian EFL students are indicated to have little space for interacting in the classroom, not to mention questioning. For that reason, this study aims to explore the teacher’s strategies in encouraging student questioning in EFL class. A qualitative research design was conducted through observation, interview, and questionnaire. The findings showed that the teacher used various strategies in promoting student questioning: providing a free question time, using turn-taking questioning, evolving a receptive classroom atmosphere, and giving explicit instruction in the teaching and learning process. Finally, this study implies that Indonesian EFL students would be encouraged to ask questions actively when: (a) the activities to pose questions were set; (b) objects or topics of questioning to scaffold students were provided; (c) classroom climate was accepted questions; (d) clear instructions were given. Thus, student questioning could be raised through instructional interventions from the teacher.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agustien, Helena I. R. “The 2013 English Curriculum: The Paradigm, Interpretation and Implementation.” In Recent Issues in English Language Education: Challange and Directions, edited by Handoyo Puji Widodo and Nugrahaeny T. Zacharias. Bandung: The Association of Teaching as a Foreign Language in Indonesia (TEFLIN), 2014.

Biddulph, Fred, David Symington, and Roger Osborne. “The Place of Children’s Questions in Primary Science Education.” Research in Science & Technological Education 4, no. 1 (1986): 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/0263514860040108.

Bowker, Matthew H. “Teaching Students to Ask Questions Instead of Answering Them.” Thought and Action: The NEA Higher Education Journal 26 (2010): 127–34.

Brown, H. Douglas. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. 5th ed. White Plains, New York: Pearson Longman, 2007.

Brown, H. Douglas, and Heekyeong Lee. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. London: Pearson Education, 2015.

Chin, Christine. “Students’ Questions: Forstering a Culture of Inquisitiveness in Science Classrooms.” School Science Review 86, no. 314 (2004): 107–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057260701828101.

Chin, Christine, and Jonathan Osborne. “Students’ Questions: A Potential Resource for Teaching and Learning Science.” Studies in Science Education 44, no. 1 (2008): 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057260701828101.

Chin, Cristhine. “Students-Generated Questions: Encouraging Inquisitive Minds in Learning Science.” Teaching and Learning Journal 23, no. 1 (2002): 59–67.

Cornbleth, C. “Student Questioning as a Learning Strategy.” University of Pittsburgh., 1975.

Denscombe, Martyn. The Good Research Guide: For Small-Scale Social Research Projects. 4th ed. Open up Study Skills. Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2010.

Dockrell, Julie E, Ioanna Bakopoulou, James Law, Sarah Spencer, and Geoff Lindsay. “Capturing Communication Supporting Classrooms: The Development of a Tool and Feasibility Study.” Child Language Teaching and Therapy 31, no. 3 (2015): 271–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265659015572165.

Fraenkel, Jack R., and Norman E. Wallen. How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009.

Harmer, Jeremy. How to Teach English. 2nd ed. Harlow: Pearson Longman, 2007.

Harmer, Jeremy. The Practice of English Language Teaching. 5th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education, 2015.

Karjo, Clara Herlina. “Teachers’ and Learners’ Accounts of Teaching Learning Strategies in Multi Channel Learning System.” CONAPLIN Journal 1, no. 1 (2011): 116–28.

Kemdikbud. Materi Pelatihan Guru Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 Tahun 2014: Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris SMA/SMK. Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan dan Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan, 2014.

Mackey, Alison. “Input, Interaction, and Second Language Development: AnEmpirical Study of Question Formation in ESL.” Studies in Second Language Acquisition 21, no. 4 (1999): 557–87. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263199004027.

Martinho, Mariana, Patrícia Albergaria Almeida, and José Teixeira-Dias. “Students’ Questions in Higher Education Chemistry Classes According to Their Gender.” Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 47 (2012): 835–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.744.

Maulana, Ridwan, Marie-Christine Opdenakker, Kim Stroet, and Roel Bosker. “Observed Lesson Structure during the First Year of Secondary Education: Exploration of Change and Link with Academic Engagement.” Teaching and Teacher Education 28, no. 6 (2012): 835–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2012.03.005.

Muttaqin, Ganjar. “A Descriptive Analysis of Teacher Talk in Leading the Teaching Learning Activities through the Stages of Scientific Approach.” Thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, 2015.

Navtalie, Agitha. “Penerapan Question Formulation Technique dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Bertanya Siswa pada Pembelajaran Sistem Imun.” Thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, 2014.

Rosenthal, T, and J Zimmerman. “Instructional Specificity and Outcome Expectation in Observationally Induced Question Formulation.” Journal of Educational Psychology 68 (1972): 500–604.

Silverman, David. Doing Qualitative Research. 4th ed. London ; Thousand Oaks, California ; New Delhi ; Singapore: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2013.

Singh, Gurinder, Rafikh Shaikh, and Karen Haydock. “Understanding Student Questioning.” Cultural Studies of Science Education 14, no. 3 (2019): 643–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-018-9866-0.

Stokhof, Harry J. M., Bregje De Vries, Rob L. Martens, and Theo J. Bastiaens. “How to Guide Effective Student Questioning: A Review of Teacher Guidance in Primary Education.” Review of Education 5, no. 2 (2017): 123–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3089.

Stokhof, Harry, Bregje de Vries, Theo Bastiaens, and Rob Martens. “Mind Map Our Way into Effective Student Questioning: A Principle-Based Scenario.” Research in Science Education 49, no. 2 (2019): 347–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-017-9625-3.

Suherdi, Didi. “Peran Sentral Interaksi dalam Proses Belajar-Mengajar Bahasa.” Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni 6, no. 1 (2006).

Suherdi, Didi. Teaching Oral Descriptive Texts in Senior High School. Teaching of a Descriptive Text in an SMAN in East Kalimantan, 2007.

Suherdi, Didi. Teaching Oral Descriptive Texts in Senior High School. Teaching of a Descriptive Text in an SMA in Bandung, 2009.

Suherdi, Didi. Teaching Oral Procedure Texts in Senior High School. Bandung: An SMP in Bandung, 2006.

Sun, Zuosheng. “An Empirical Study on New Teacher-Student Relationship and Questioning Strategies in ESL Classroom.” English Language Teaching 5, no. 7 (2012): 175–83. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v5n7p175.

Suryati, Nunung. “Classroom Interaction Strategies Employed by English Teachers at Lower Secondary Schools.” TEFLIN Journal 26, no. 2 (2015): 247-264. https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v26i2/247-264.

Watts, Mike, Gillian Gould, and Steve Alsop. “Questions of Understanding: Categorising Pupils’ Questions in Science.” School Science Review 79, no. 286 (1997): 57–63.

Yulia, Yuyun. “Teaching Challenges in Indonesia: Motivating Students and Teachers’ Classroom Language.” Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 3, no. 1 (2013): 1. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v3i1.186.