Perkembangan Psikoseksual Santri Pada Usia Dini
Abstract
Anak-anak usia dini terutama pada usia 4 hingga 6 tahun umumnya sudah mulai dikenalkan pada pendidikan formal dan non formal, salah satunya ialah pendidikan di pesantren. Pesantren dipilih oleh orang tua agar anak dapat belajar pengetahuan agama dan pengetahuan umum, serta pembentukan kemandirian dan kedisiplinan yang diharapkan orang tua. Pada santri usia dini, fase perkembangan psikoseksual yang dilalui diantaranya adalah fase falik dan laten. Dua fase krusial yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap kepribadian anak pada masa mendatang. Pada fase falik kepuasan terletak di daerah kemaluan yang normalnya akan mmebentuk identitas dan orientasi seksual anak. Sementara pada fase laten kepuasan terletak pada aspek kognitif dan interaksi sosial yang terealisasi melalui keterbukaan diri untuk berinteraksi dan bersosialiasi dengan lingkungan secara baik. Kehadiran orang tua sangat dibutuhkan oleh santri untuk bisa melewati fase falik dan laten dengan baik dan menyelesaikan konflik pada dua fase tersebut. Maka dari itu, meski pesantren memiliki tradisi yang kuat dalam pendidikan agama, namun orang tua tetap memiliki tanggung jawab utama dalam pendidikan dan pembimbingan anak-anak mereka.
[Children especially at age 4 untill 6 years old have been introduced to formal and non-formal education where pesantren (islamic boarding school) is one of the most popular educatonal institutions in Indonesia. Commonly, pesantren is chosen by parents for their childs’ education to learn both religious and modern knowledge. Furthermore, pesantren education will form students’ independence. During their early-age development phase, santri (students who learn in pesantren) is remain similar to other children who experience psychosexual development; the two crucial stages are phallic and latent stage. Those periods would significantly affect santri’s personality. The phallic stage is closely corresponded to genitalia as the specific erotogenic zone. Normally this stage is related to sexual identity and sexual orientation. Meanwhile, latent period is a time of childs’ exploration into intellectual pursuits and social interactions, it is realized through self-disclosure towards interaction and adaptive socialization with their circumstances. On the other hand, parents are the important figure for children since they need to adapt to their psychosexual development phase including how to resolve several conflicts which may be dealed with them. Therefore, even though pesantren has a strong tradition in religious education, parents steady have main responsibility of their childs’ education and guidance].
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