The Protection of Islamic Women in Indonesia:  Evaluation of Polygamy Sanctions and Its Implications

Firdaus Firdaus; Desminar; Syaflin Halim; Mursal; Isral  Naska

doi:10.19105/karsa.v31i1.10611

Firdaus Firdaus Fakultas Agama Islam, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatara Barat (FAI-UMSB), Kota Padang, Sumatra Barat
Desminar Fakultas Agama Islam, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatara Barat (FAI-UMSB), Kota Padang, Sumatra Barat
Syaflin Halim Fakultas Agama Islam, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatara Barat (FAI-UMSB), Kota Padang, Sumatra Barat
Mursal Fakultas Agama Islam, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatara Barat (FAI-UMSB), Kota Padang, Sumatra Barat
Isral Naska College of Arts, Celtic Studies, and Social Sciences, Study of Religions Department, University College Cork, Cork

https://doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v31i1.10611

Abstract views: 210 ,

PDF downloads: 162

Keywords: polygamy, women’s protection, penalty, divorce regulations

Abstract

The background of polygamy in Indonesia involves complexity in protecting women, especially economic, social, and psychological disparities. The practice of polygamy reflects the uncertainty of marriage and divorce regulations, giving rise to negative impacts on women and children, including conflict and domestic violence. The protection of women requires legal reform, an educational approach, and active community involvement to overcome injustice in the practice of polygamy. This research aims to understand the phenomenon of women's protection in the context of polygamy in Indonesia with a focus on the city of Padang. Primary data was collected through interviews and observations using qualitative descriptive methods, while secondary data from various literature reviews was analyzed using data description and conclusion-drawing techniques. Women who are polygamous face verbal, nonverbal, and physical pressure. Even though there are religious and legal regulations, the effectiveness of sanctions in Indonesia is still low. Solutions include education, unconditional denial of consent, and legal protection, while spiritual experts face challenges resulting from societal misunderstanding and intimidation from prospective husbands.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Firdaus Firdaus, Fakultas Agama Islam, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatara Barat (FAI-UMSB), Kota Padang, Sumatra Barat

f

Isral Naska, College of Arts, Celtic Studies, and Social Sciences, Study of Religions Department, University College Cork, Cork

Isral Naska

College of Arts, Celtic Studies, and Social Sciences, Study of Religions Department,

University College Cork, Cork, Irlandia

isralnaska@umail.acc.ie

References

Cholil, Mufidah, and Sudirman Sudirman. “Gender Equality in Islamic Family Law: Breaking the Chain of Domestic Violence to Create a Harmonious Family.” Kafa’ah: Journal of Gender Studies 9, no. 2 (December 2019): 131–46. https://doi.org/10.15548/jk. v9i2.270.

Cilanga, Emmanuel, Delphine Collin-Vezina, Mohammad Nuruz-zaman Khan, and Liam Riley. “Prevalence and Determi-nants of Intimate Partner Violence Against Mothers of Under-Five Children in Central Malawi.” BMC Public Health 20, no. 1848 (December 2020): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09910-z.

Desliana, Duski Ibrahim, and Muhammad Adil. “Views of Community Figures on Early Marriage among Ethnic Malay Adolescents in Palembang City.” Intizar 27, no. 1 (2021): 17–31. https://doi.org/ 10.19109/intizar.v27i1.8435.

Ellsberg, Mary, Junior Ovince, Maureen Murphy, Alexandra Blackwell, Dashakti Reddy, Julianne Stennes, Tim Hess, and Manuel Contreras. “No Safe Place: Prevalence and Correlates of Violence Against Conflict-Affected Women and Girls in South Sudan.” PLoS ONE 15, no. 10 (October 2020): e0237965. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237965.

Farhana, Lulu. “Gender in the Reality of Women and Sexual Violence (Case Study: Questioning the Bill on the Elimination of Sexual Violence).” Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta, 2021.

Fikri, Nurul, and Ilham Pratama. “Historical Study: Dialectics of Islamic Law and Positive Law in Formal and Informal Marriage Models in Indonesia.” History: Journal of History and Humanities Education 6, no. 3 (August 2023): 1438–49. https:// doi.org/10.24815/JR.V6I3.33960.

Habiburrahman, Muhammad, Moh Fadli, Siti Hamidah, and Djumikasih. “Constitutional Rights of Wives and Children of Sirri Polygamy Victims.” Journal of Social Sciences 6, no. 2 (July 2023): 159–71. https://doi.org/10.52326/jss.utm.2023.6(2).14.

Hakim, Muhammad Haka Rahman, and Anjar Sri Ciptorukmi N. “Misconception and Fraud in Article 27 Paragraph (2) of Law Number 1 of 1974 Jo. Article 72 Paragraph (2) Compilation of Islamic Law Concerning Marriage.” Journal of Private Law 7, no. 1 (2019): 13–17. https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v7i1.29962.

Harel-Shalev, Ayelet, and Rebecca Kook. “Ontological Security, Trauma and Violence, and the Protection of Women: Polygamy Among Minority Communities.” Frontiers in Psychology 12, no. 743478 (October 2021): 1-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/PMC8517128/pdf/fpsyg-12-743478.pdf..

Harzif, Achmad Kemal, Victor Prana Andika Santawi, and Stephanie Wijaya. “Differences in Perceptions of Infertility and Attitudes towards Treatment Options: Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia.” Reproductive Health 16, no. 125 (August 2019): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0792-8.

Ismiati, Saptosih. Examining Domestic Violence Cases (A Sociological Juridical Study). Sleman: Deepublish Digital, 2023. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=0HLJEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Women+who+are+involved+polygamy+often+experiencing+emotional+stress,+anxiety+and+depression+due+to+uncertainty+in+the+relationship.+In+some+cases,+competition+between+wives+.

Kishi, Roudabeh. Violence Targeting Women in Politics: Trends in Targets, Types, and Perpetrators of Political Violence. USA: The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), December 2021. https://acleddata.com/acleddatanew/wp content/ uploads/2022/ 01/ACLED_Report_PVTWIP_12.2021.pdf.

Kusmardani, Alex, Abdulah Syafe’i, Usep Saifulah, and Nurrohman Syarif. “Factors Causing Divorce in the Perspective of Family Law Between Islamic Schools and Social Reality.” Journal of Imperative Syntax: Journal of Social Sciences and Education 3, no. 3 (2022): 176–94. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax impera-tive.v3i3.168.

Lasong, Joseph, Yuan Zhang, Kahindo P. Muyayalo, Olivia Adhiambo Njiri, Simon Afewerki Gebremedhin, Chrissie S. Abaidoo, Chun Yan Liu, Huiping Zhang, and Kai Zhao. “Domestic Violence Among Married Women of Reproductive Age in Zimbabwe: A Cross Sectional Study.” BMC Public Health 20, no. 1 (March 2020): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12889-020-84479/TAB LE/2.

Makka, Misbahul Munir, and Tuti Fajriati Ratundelang. “Polygamy Without First Wife’s Consent and Its Impact on the Family.” Al-Mujtahid: Journal of Islamic Family Law 2, no. 1 (2022): 34–51. https://doi.org/10.30984/ajifl.v2i1.1937.

Marbun, Lathifah Amri, and Nurabni. “Pendekatan Studi Islam dalam Perspektif Dosen dan Mahasiswa (Studi Kasus di UIN Sumatera Utara).” Adabiyah Islamic Journal 1, no. 2 (2023): 141–62. https://ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/adabiyah/article/view/9693.

Maryani, Eni, Preciosa Alnashava Janitra, and Reksa Anggia Ratmita. “@Indonesiadapatfeminis.Id as a Challenge to the Feminist Movement in Virtual Space.” Frontiers in Sociology 6, no. 668840 (September 13, 2021): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fsoc.2021.668840.

Maulida, Nur Rizki, Arya Putra Perdana, and Eka Widyantet, “The Importance of Family Law Against Women in Polygamy,” Aurelia: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 1, no. 2 (December 2022): 277-281, https://www. researchgate.net/publication/366831948_The_Importance_of_Family_Law_Against_Women_in_Polygamy/link/63b423d8a03100368a4de736/download?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIn19.

Muhyatun, Muhyatun. “Turning Stress Into Happiness: Application of the I-Message Technique to Develop Positive Communication Patterns in the Family.” IJIP: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Psychology 4, no. 2 (2022): 18–35. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijip. v4i2.10.

Rahman, Abdul. “Pandangan Yusuf Al-Qardhawi Terhadap Larangan Poligami bagi Kader Partai Solidaritas Indonesia.” Sakina: Journal of Family Studies 4, no. 3 (2020): 1–18. http://urj.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/jfs/article/view/486.

Riyani, Irma. Islam, Women’s Sexuality and Patriarchy in Indonesia: Silent Desire. Abingdon: Routledge, 2021.https://books.google. co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=3BEHEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Indonesia,+as+a+country+with+the+largest+Muslim+population+in+the+world,+it+has+long+faced+various+challenges+in+protecting+women,+especially+in+the+context++ +practice+.

Santoso, Dri, and Muhamad Nasrudin. “Polygamy in Indonesia and its Relevance to the Protection of Women and Children from the Perspective of Islamic Legal Philosophy.” Akademika: Journal of Islamic Thought 26, no. 1 (June 2021): 121-136. https://doi.org/ 10.32332/akademika.v26i1.2406.

Sari, Trie Yunita. “Between Religious Controversy and Commodifi-cation: Study of the Dauroh of Indonesian Polygamy.” Indonesian Journal of Religion and Society 5, no. 1 (June 2023): 47–57. https://doi.org/10.36256/ijrs.v5i1.316.

Shaiful Bahari, Ismail, Mohd Noor Norhayati, Nik Hussain Nik Hazlina, Che Abd Aziz Mohamad Shahirul Aiman, and Nik Ahmad Nik Muhammad Arif. “The Psychological Impact of Polygamous Marriage on Women and Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 21, no. 823 (December 2021): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04301-7.

Solikin, Nur. Sociology of Islamic Law Examines the Dynamics and Issues of Islamic Family Law in Indonesia. Surabaya: Pena Scholar, 2023. http://digilib.uinkhas.ac.id/22791/1/E-Book SOCIOLOGY OF ISLAMIC LAW_Dr Nur Solikin 221 Pages.pdf.pdf.

Starkey, Jesse C., Amy Koerber, Miglena Sternadori, and Bethany Pitchford. “#MeToo Goes Global: Media Framing of Silence Breakers in Four National Situations.” Journal of Communication Inquiry 43, no. 4 (October 2019): 437–61. https://journals. sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0196859919865254.

Syafruddin, and Ulfatun Hasanah. “Women’s Disobedience: Wives Against Their Husbands in the Family Institution of Lombok Community, East Indonesia.” Journal of Namibian Studies: A Cultural Political History 34 (June 2023): 6709–6727. https://doi. org/10.59670/JNS.V34I.2702.

Waheeda, Abdul Aziz, and Ali Mutakin. “Polygamy in Islamic Jurisprudence: Scientific Perspectives, Regulation, and Justice.” Alfigh Islamic Law Review Journal 2, no. 2 (2023): 78–100. https://ejournal.tamanlitera.id/index.php/ilrj/article/view/94.

Wardatun, Atun, and Bianca J. Smith. “Woman-Initiated Divorce and Feminist Fiqh in Indonesia: Narrating the Actions of Men's Nushūz in Marriage.” Ulumuna 24, no. 2 (December 2020): 266–95. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v24i2.416.

Yusuf, Helmi. “Pembatalan Pernikahan Akibat Penipuan Identitas Poligami.” Qonuni: Journal of Islamic Law and Studies 3, no. 01 (2023): 30–39. https://journal.ptiq.ac.id/index.php/qonuni/article /view/1164.

Zeitzen, Miriam Koktvedgaard. Polygamy: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl =en&lr=&id=SsXrDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Some+women+may+not+know+that+their+husband+is+legally+married,+and+the+legal+procedures+to+clarify+the+marital+status+and+women%27s+rights+in+polygamous+situations+are+often+complicated.