Gender Patterns in Indonesian: A Corpus Study of Personal Pronoun References “Ia” and “Dia”

Hernina; Yenny Karlina; Devi Ambarwati Puspitasari

doi:10.19105/ojbs.v18i1.12491

Hernina Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Jakarta 10340 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-5178
Yenny Karlina Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Jakarta 10340 https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4097-1778
Devi Ambarwati Puspitasari Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Jakarta 10340 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9093-1516

https://doi.org/10.19105/ojbs.v18i1.12491

Abstract views: 349 ,

PDF downloads: 327

Keywords: Corpus Linguistics, Gender, Indonesian Text, KOIN, Pronoun References

Abstract

Indonesian is a language that does not have a grammatical gender feature, and this absence extends to the third-person singular pronouns. In English and many European languages, there are distinct second-person for addressing genders: male and female. The grammatical structure of Indonesian remains unchanged despite temporal shifts and the absence of gender-specific distinctions. The official Indonesian dictionary (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia or KBBI) does not designate ia and dia with explicit gender distinctions, such as masculine and feminine. This research aims to discuss the masculine and feminine contextual patterns of the pronouns ia and dia within the Indonesian Corpus (Korpus Bahasa Indonesia or KOIN). The study used a dataset comprising 121.098 tokens selected from literature, national, and social categories. Identifying gender patterns in using the second-person pronouns gets the research focus on the data of 19.697 concordances of the word ia and 10.031 concordances of dia. The findings indicate that dia has a reasonably equal association with both genders, but the word ia prefers feminine references more. It clarifies the nuances of gender expression in Indonesian and explains how linguistic decisions communicate gender information.

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Author Biographies

Hernina, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Jakarta 10340

HERNINA is a researcher at the Language, Literature, and Community Research Center of The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Her research interests include Applied Linguistics, like Forensic Linguistics, Language and Ethnic Cultures, and Sociolinguistics.

Yenny Karlina, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Jakarta 10340

YENNY KARLINA is a researcher at the Language, Literature, and Community Research Center of The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Her research interests include Applied Linguistics, like Forensic Linguistics, Corpus Linguistics, and Sociolinguistics.

Devi Ambarwati Puspitasari, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Jakarta 10340

DEVI AMBARWATI PUSPITASARI is a researcher at the Language, Literature, and Community Research Center of The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Currently, she is attending the Degree by Research program and studying at the Doctoral Program in Humanities at Universitas Gadjah Mada. Her research areas are Applied Linguistics, Corpus Linguistics, Forensic Linguistics, and Teaching German Language and Literature.

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