PEREMPUAN MADURA DI ANTARA POLA RESIDENSI MATRILOKALDAN KEKUASAAN PATRIARKAT
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Abstract
Abstrak:
Dalam kajian antropologis, pola menetap setelah kawin (post-marital residence) menjadi bidang yang menarik untuk dikaji. Dalam hal ini terdapat sebuah teori yang disebut sebagai main sequence kinship theory (teori kekeluargaan rangkaian utama), yakni pola dalam post-marital residence yang berbeda menghasilkan susunan kekerabatan dan pola kekuasaan yang berbeda. Pola residensi matri-lokal selalu ditemukan dalam sistem kekerabatan matrilineal dan relasi kekua-saan yang bersifat matriarkat. Sebaliknya, pola residensi patrilokal selalu ditemukan dalam sistem kekerabatan patrilineal dan relasi kekuasaan yang bersifat patriarkat. Rangkaian pola yang demikian telah ditemukan di beberapa tempat. Namun demikian, pola rangkaian tersebut tidak terjadi di Madura. Masyarakat Madura menganut pola redisensi matrilokal, tetapi pola kekuasa-annya bersifat patriarkhal dan sistem kekerabatannya bersifat bilateral. Kombinasi pola yang demikian terjadi karena adanya negosiasi antara adat dan hukum Islam.
Abstract:
In the study of anthropology, post marital residence becomes an interesting topic to study. It concerns a particular theory so-called main sequence kinship theory. It states that different patterns of post-marital residence produce different family structure and power pattern. Matrilocal-residency pattern has frequently found in the matrilineal family system and within matriarchal power relation. Conversely, patrilocal-residency has often recognized in the patrilineal family system and within patriarchal power relation. These series of pattern has been identified in several places. However, the series of patterns does not occur in Madura. Madurese tend to adopt matrilocal-residency but undergo patriarchal power relation. Hence, they characterize bilateral family system. This pattern combination is the result of negotiation between customary and Islamic laws.
Kata Kunci:
Matrilokal, patriarkat, bilateral, perempuan, Madura.
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